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Cont.

  • The Arab newcomers mostly came to settle in important port towns and coastal trading centers, where they initially engaged in small-scale peddling. Yet, due to their good sense of business, they often made a fortune becoming whole-sale import-export traders, fabric and plantation owners and the like.

Ibrahim Nasar (pg 11), Yamil Shaium (pg 103)

The Chronicles of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez- Historical Context

Arabic Influence

  • In comparing and reviewing the experiences of over a hundred years of Arab diaspora in the area, particular attention should be paid to the retention or loss of the Arabic mother tongue and original religious persuasions, as well as to participation in local, cultural, political and commercial affairs, and to interaction with the majority populations.
  • Naturally the descendents of mixed marriages were very likely to lose knowledge of Arabic culture, displayed by Marquez's reference to the majority of this Catholic/Arabic community. They were almost entirely “answering their Arabic-speaking parents in Spanish" (pg 81)
  • Most Near Eastern immigrants in Colombia were Christians of various persuasions so they generally fit well into their new religious (Catholic) environment.

As elsewhere in the Americas, early Syro-Lebanese migrants were mostly unaccompanied males. Thus, one out of six Syro-Lebanese family fathers was married to a Colombian.

  • Santiago Nasar is described by Marquez as a second generation Arab migrant in Colombia.
  • Nasar is described as being "slim and pale...with his father's Arab eyelids" (pg. 7)
  • "[Nasar and his father] Spoke arabic between themselves" (pg.7)
  • Marquez goes on to describe the character of an Arabic community.
  • "Peaceful immigrants...settled in Caribbean towns...selling cloths and bazaar trinkets." (pg. 81)

Colombian Wars of Independence

Also known as the civil wars because there were internal conflicts between liberals and conservatives.

  • Liberals- universal suffrage and the seperation of church and state.
  • August 7,1819 is when Simon Bolivar began to seal independence at the Battle of Boyaca.
  • Crossed from the Andes in Venezuela to New Granada to take Bogota.

"Civil wars of the past century" p. 33

  • Since the novella takes place in the 20th century, the past century refers to the civil wars of the 19th century.
  • Mostly in the late half of the 19th century
  • Occurs when political animosity was high between the two parties. Not that many at any rate.

"One of the major glories of the Conservative regime" p.33

  • Marquez displays General Petronio San Roman as a conservative hero.
  • Conservatives- strong centralized government and the continuation of clerical privileges (high class)
  • Proud and entitled

How Its Seen in the Book

-Book takes place in 20th century Colombian town -Latin American Culture is represented in the novel through its traditions and rituals from the Catholic Church where we find most of the townspeople going to greet the bishop to the roles of the family in the household. Marquez also portrays the Latin American strict moral codes through the first person point of view

Examples

Machismo:

-In the novel, one theme we see throughout is Machismo, which is part of the Latin American culture

-The Vicario twins embody this machismo because, since their father is blind and cannot work, they must be the men of the house, performing pig slaughters to embrace their masculinity

-Like in the earlier times of Latin America, one would often find the family honor central to the family. When Angela confesses to her brothers that she wasn’t a virgin before the wedding, they find it their duty to defend the family honor and pursue Santiago to kill him, even if they didn’t want to there was “no way out of this” (pg.230)

Machismo can also be seen in the way the men take pride in the brothel, using women for sex

Kristen Carpenter, Lauren Fairman, Katrina Gonzalez, Zachary Granoff, Aysia Johnson, Rachel McKelvey

What's Latin America?

-Latin America consists of the region from Mexico all the way to the southern tip of South America, including the Caribbean islands. -Latin American culture is a mixture of European newcomers and the traditions of the native inhabitants. It is a mixture of different ethnicities where its variety holds richness and colorfulness.

-Language: most Latin American countries speak Spanish except in Brazil where they speak Portuguese and in other small countries where they speak French.

-Religion: most are catholic Christian

-Food: with the influence from different ethnic backgrounds, the cuisine also displays this variety. Ex. Tortillas, salsa sauces. The spices in Latin America are known to have a unique flavor and add richness to the food

-Dance: dancing is very much a part of the Latin American culture and lifestyle. The styles and dance forms are constantly changing but salsa is the most popular one in present day society

-The Latin American society is mostly made up of mestizos, people of mixed heritage or decent

Colombian War of Independence

"General Petronio San Roman, hero of the civil wars" (Pg 33)

"My mother was the only who wouldn't go greet him" (Pg 33)

In the book General Petronio San Roman is seen as a "hero" and is highly looked upon which is meant to show how the town believes and supports the ideas from the civil war and will support anything within a general topic with which they agree like the murder of Santiago Nasar in which they agree with the idea of keeping the honor but disapprove of the murder but do nothing to stop it.

Although the town shows general support for what happened during the civil war the mother of the narrator opposes popular belief and dislikes him greatly for methods used by him in the war such as the order to shoot Gerineldo Marquez in the back and affects the way she sees him and is only able to stand him because she approves of the marriage.

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