Women and the LGBT Community:

Growing Up LGBT in America

10000 LGBT youths surveyed,

aged 13-17

Women and the LGBT Community:

Social Injustice of Global Proportions

Persecution: In Africa

Minority Rights

Danielle Arney, Carson Keith, Jordan Mitchell, Allison Collins

• Uganda- bill discussing the death penalty
• More than two-thirds of African countries have criminalizing laws
• More than 79% of Ugandans consider "homosexual behavior morally wrong"
• 10% increase in reported attacks against gays in the past year
• Homosexuality is officially a crime in 38 African countries

• Minority rights are defined as normal individual, human rights applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual minorities, and collective rights accorded to minority groups.
• More often than not these groups aren’t literally the minority, but the dis-empowered group.
• LGBT communities and women are considered globally as two of the most dis-empowered minority groups, and are often deemed second class citizens by their communities.

Menstruation

• 75 percent of students have no state laws to protect them from harassment
• Home no longer a safe place

Gender Gap - Global View

• basis for disempowerment and health risks
• rural areas have the toughest conditions
• Young girls have to skip school
• absent 4 out of 28 (month) = 13 learning days (2 weeks) per term
• High school -
• 156 learning days = 24 out of 144 weeks lost

RED = greatest

Green = least

Domestic and War Violence

• Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Afghanistan, Rwanda - raped as weapon of war
• Pakistan, South Africa, Peru, Russia, Uzbekistan - women are beat at home in staggering domestic violence rates
• 1/3 of women worldwide suffer sexual and physical abuse
• It's more dangerous to be a woman than a soldier in a war zone
• rape - used to terrorize local populations

Misconceptions about Women in the Workplace

Legislation: Global View

Africa

Saudi Arabia

• women are more likely to be poor and at risk of hunger than men
• honor killings & trafficking
• many girls aren't in school to get the education they need to break the cycle
• natural monthly menstruation is a burden

• More loyal to family than work

• Not assertive

• Emotionally unstable

• South Africa- only African country with laws protecting LGBT community
• Russia- Anti-gay propaganda
• Russia- gay/lesbian couples banned from adopting children from Russia
• Cameroon- punishable by fine and jail time up to five years

Qatif Girl

• 19 years old
• Rape victim
• Original punishment of 90 lashes for "khalwa"
• being in seclusion for a man who was not her husband or relative
• violation of Wahhabi interpretation of Islamic code

LGBT

Evolution of Gay Rights: in Africa

Global Look at Women's Rights

Russia

• 14,ooo women die annually from domestic violence
• only 13.6% of seats in lower house of Parliament are held by women

LGBT, LGBTQ, LGBTQA:

These acronyms refer to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Ally.

Turkey

• 3.8 million women are illiterate

Morocco

Female Rape victims can be charged with crimes

• Punished for leaving the house without a male companion, being alone with an unrelated man, becoming pregnant as a result
• Amina Filali

Rawan's Story

Saudi Arabia

Persecution: in Russia

• Saudi Guardianship view and treat women as minors
• Prohibited from working, studying, or traveling without permission from male guardians
• No vote... 2015?
• prohibited from driving

Yemen

• Women can't leave the house without their husband's permission
• women are considered half a witness in court - "not recognized as a full person"
• testimony must be backed by a man's

• Homosexuality legal since 1993
• Gay people can technically serve in the military, but they are strongly advised to hide their homosexuality
• No recognition of same sex marriage or civil union
• “It's not about imposing some sort of sanctions on homosexuality… It's about protecting children from such information,” -Vladimir Putin, Russia's president
• Protests on Sochi Olympics

Central and South America

Australia

Out of the top 200 companies, only 5 have female CEOs

• Laws exist that allow:
• Rape (including marital)
• different minimum ages for marriage
• men have more rights in the marriage
• 92% of reported crimes of violence against women go unpunished

In the American Workplace

In the Global Workplace

Persecution: In America

Salary Gap

• Earn only 77 cents for every dollar earned by men

Hiring

• Audit studies
• Women received half the number of job offers men did

Employment Positions

• Only 5.1% of high-ranking corporate officers in America's 500 largest companies were women
• Less than 15% of these companies have a woman among their five highest earning officers
• Only 3.3% of top earners are women

Salary Gap

• African American women earn 63 cents and Hispanic women 53 cents for every dollar earned by white men
• South Korean women earn 38% less than men
• Difference in average gross hourly earnings between women and men in the EU is 15%.

• 18th Century- Britain ruled colonial Africa
• September 1888- Penal code stated that practicing homosexuals are sent to labor camps
• 1996- South Africa outlaws discrimination based on sexual orientation
• 2002- Nambia's president declared "homosexuals must be condemned and rejected in our society"
• 2006- South Africa became fifth nation in the world to legalize same-sex marriage
• 2009- Uganda proposed death penalty for homosexuals
• April 2010- Millicent Gaika case

• Don't Ask, Don't Tell
• June 29, 1969- Stonewall Inn
• Bowers v. Hardwick 1986
• Bullying

Hiring/Raises

Women

• Laws prohibiting women from certain employments exist in 48 countries
• Lead to women being dependent on males
• Results in poverty

Non-Discrimination- US

Employment Positions

• Only 3% of senior positions in private companies across India
• In Arab states, only 28% participate in the workforce
• Account for 58% of unpaid employment
• Responsible for 80% of all house and care work on average
• Only 10-20 of every 100 landowners is a woman
• In Republic of Korea and Sri Lanka, women hold less than 10% of legislative, senior official, only and managerial positions

Women and Education

Evolution of Gay rights:

in America

The Glass Ceiling

Child Marriage Worldwide

Bibliography

• April 25, 2000: Vermont passes a bill allowing same sex couples to form civil unions.
• February 24, 2004: President George W. Bush backs a constitutional amendment that would ban gay marriage.
• December 22, 2010: "Don't ask, don't tell" law preventing openly gay men and women from serving in the military is repealed

Evolution of Gay rights:

in America

A political term used to describe the unseen, yet unbreakable barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements

• Child marriage
• Gender roles
• Menstruation
• Poverty
• Vicious cycle that is keeping women down
• Global literacy rate:
• 71.4% v. 83.7%
• 2/3 of 960 million illiterate adults are women
• Women who lack equal opportunity in education and therefore employment are seen as inferior to men

• 1/3 of girls are married before 18
• 1/9 are married before 15
• in 2011, 67 million women ages 20-24 had been married before 18
• at this rate, 142 million girls will be married before 18 in the next century

• "Discrimination at Work in Europe." International Labour Office. International Labour Office. Web. 24 Oct 2013. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_decl_fs_90_en.pdf

• Anand, Anita. N.p.. Web. 25 Oct 2013. http://www.indiatogether.org/women/worklife/notallowed.htm

• Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. Solid Investments: Making Full Use of the Nation's Human Capital. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, November 1995, p. 4.

• Dawn, Melody. "Common Misconceptions of Women in the Workplace." The Nest. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2013. http://woman.thenest.com/common-misconceptions-women-workplace-15153.html

• Langeland, Terje. "Women Unaccounted for in Global Economy Proves Waring Influence." Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 18 June 2013. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-18/women-unaccounted-for-in-global-economy-proves-waring-influence.html

• WDR 2012 Home Page." The World Bank. The World Bank Group, 1 Jan. 2012. Web. 24 Sept. 2013. http://go.worldbank.org/CQCTMSFI40

• Sex Discrimination in the American Workplace: Still a Fact of Life." National Women's Law Center. National Women's Law Center, 1 July 2000. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. http://www.nwlc.org/resource/sex-discrimination-american-workplace-still-fact-life

• Virginia E. Schein, "Women in management: reflections and projections", Emerald 22, 2007. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/case_studies.htm/case_studies.htm?articleid=1589179&show=html

• October 15, 1971: Jack Baker and his partner James Michael McConnell are the first gay couple in the country to apply and sue for the right to get married.
• May 7, 1993: Hawaii takes a step toward legalizing gay marriage when the state Supreme Court rules that a ban on same-sex marriages might violate the state constitution.
• September 21, 1996: President Bill Clinton signs the Defense of Marriage Act, defining marriage as between a man and a woman.
• December 20, 1999: The Vermont Supreme Court rules in Baker v. Vermont that same-sex couples are entitled to the same rights as heterosexual couples.

• "Statistics on Discrimination of Women." PapBlog Human Rights Etc. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2013. http://filipspagnoli.wordpress.com/stats-on-human-rights/statistics-on-discrimination/statistics-on-discrimination-of-women/

Global View of LGBT Community

Current status of LGBT rights in America

• Denmark- laws about civil unions since 1989
• Japan- homosexuality no longer considered a mental illness
• Spain and Italy- refuse to recognize gay couples
• Portugal- gay couples receive same benefits as heterosexuals
• Dutch- first to eliminate distinction between gay and straight

• Raghavan, Sudarsan. "Gays in Africa Face Growing Persecution, Human Rights Activists Say." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 11 Dec. 2010. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.
• "American Civil Liberties Union." American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU, Sept.-Oct. 2011. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.
• "Refuge for Persecuted Homosexuals." - Africa. IOL News, 11 July 2013. Web. 28 Oct. 2013.
• "World Report 2012: Saudi Arabia | Human Rights Watch." World Report 2012: Saudi Arabia | Human Rights Watch. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
• "Women." New Internationalist All Posts RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
• "Mark Day of the Girl by Allowing Yemeni Girls a Childhood | Human Rights Watch." Mark Day of the Girl by Allowing Yemeni Girls a Childhood | Human Rights Watch. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
• "Child Marriage Facts and Figures." RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
• "The Violence against Women Epidemic | Human Rights Watch." The Violence against Women Epidemic | Human Rights Watch. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.

• "Meaningful Design for the Common Good." Hyperakt. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
• Biriwasha, Masimba. "In Africa Menstruation Can Be a Curse." RH Reality Check. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
• "Ridiculous Restrictions on Women's Rights Around the World." Washington Post. N.p., n.d. Web.
• http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=3899920
• • http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/05/womens-rights-still-denied-in-latin-america/
• Africa Regional Sexuality Resource Centre. (n.d.). Africa Regional Sexuality Resource Centre. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from http://www.arsrc.org/
• GLSEN | Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network. (n.d.). GLSEN | Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from http://www.glsen.org/
• Human Rights Campaign Working for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Equal Rights. (n.d.). Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from http://www.hrc.org/
• Know Your Rights | Lambda Legal. (n.d.). Lambda Legal. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights
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• Library: LGBT Youth & Schools Resources and Links . (n.d.). ACLU. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from https://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights_hiv-aids/library
• Lwanga, D. (n.d.). Has the LGBT Movement Failed in Uganda?. Africa Regional Sexuality Resource Centre. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from http://www.arsrc.org/features/has-the-lgbt-movement-failed-in-uganda.html
• Nondiscrimination laws map | TaskForce. (n.d.). National Gay and Lesbian Task Force | building LGBT political power from the ground up. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from http://www.thetaskforce.org/reports_and_research/nondiscrimination_laws
• Publications | GLAAD. (n.d.). GLAAD: Leading the conversation for LGBT equality | GLAAD. Retrieved September 25, 2013, from http://www.glaad.org/publications

• Openly Lesbian and Gay individuals can serve in the military
• The Employment Nondiscrimination Act
• Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act
• 14 states with legal same-sex marriage, 1 with no laws either way, and the remaining 35 ban same sex marriage
• Gay men can donate blood