Instructional Objectives

Instructional Objectives

Maisha Drew

EDUC 523 Methods of Teaching Across the Content Areas

Morgan State University, October 14, 2013

Formulating Goals and Objectives

8 General Rules in Formulating Classroom Level Objectives

Gronlund Method: Norman Gronlund

Mager Method: Robert Mager

The Gronlund Method

The Mager Method

What will the student do?

Suggests that teachers, " state and define each objective in terms of the type of student performance that is to be demonstrated at the end of instruction

How will the student learn- what process will be used?

Objective Components

What aspect of the subject will the student learn?

Behavior

General Instructional Objectives

• Know basic terminology
• Understands concepts and principles
• Applies principles to new situations
• Interprets charts and graphs
• Demonstrates skill in critical thinking
• Writes a well-organized theme
• Appreciates poetry, art, literature, dance, etc
• Demonstrates scientific attitude
• Evaluates the adequacy of an experiment

Describes what the learner is expected to do

Have you included only one expectation in each objective?

Appropriate words or phrases:

• To write
• To recite
• To identify
• To sort
• To solve
• To construct
• To build
• To compare
• To contrast

Condition

Describe under what circumstances or conditions the performance is to occur

Applying Gronlund Objectives

Proficiency Level

States an acceptable standard, competency or achievement level

1. Relate to developmental needs and tasks of the learners

2. Be consistent with professional and subject specialists opinions about what students should know and be able to do

3. Be consistent with teaching and learning theories and procedures

4. Relate to the whole child and several domains of learning

5. Foster higher-order thinking skills

6. Based on subject and grade-level academic content standards

7. Flexible enough to keep pace with changing educational and social situations

8. Syntactically correct

What are Instructional Objectives?

Formulating Goals and Objectives

Instructional Objectives are observable and measurable statements that help the teacher focus on what students should know at the end of a lesson, unit, or course and help students know what is expected of them.

Ralph Tyler: The Tyler Model

Benjamin Bloom: Bloom's Taxonomy

The Process

Bloom's Taxonomy

The Tyler Model

• Rooted in Tyler's ideas that educational objectives should be defined operationally in terms of performance or outcomes
• Learning is classified in two dimensions: knowledge and cognitive process

• Educators need to identify goals by gathering data from learners, society and subject specialists.
• The goals are then filtered through two screens: philosophy and psychology.
• Filtration results in objectives that are more specific and agreed-on
• Formulating objectives involves intelligence, insight, values and attitudes of people involved in making decisions.

Differentiating Goals and Objectives

SMART Goals

Goals are curriculum purposes or desired outcomes for students as a result of experiencing the curriculum.

Objectives

Goals

Levels of Objectives

Course Objectives

Unit Plan Objectives

Lesson Plan Objectives

• Further define the unit objectives by providing clear direction for teaching and testing.

Derived from program objectives and are formulated at the subject or departmental level. These objectives are often stated in the form of topics, concepts, or general behaviors

Also known as general instruction objectives, are specific enough to provide direction for instruction but restricts the teacher's selection of instructional methods, materials and activities.

• State the expected behaviors in terms of specific skills, tasks or attitudes and content. As well as state outcomes or goals (standards) in terms of level of competency and conditions of mastery