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The Railroad

PARAPHRASE: Of all the advancements of the Transportation Revolution, the construction of railroads was the most significant. The first railroads carried goods for short distances, but the idea of a railroad sparked interest. Inventors and engineers wanted to be able to develop a railroad that could be used to carry goods or even passengers long distance. In 1826, a group of businessmen launched the first American railway, named the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O). After the success of the B&O in Maryland, many other companies began building railroads. However, many problems emerged. Railroads were expensive and were hastily built. There were many accidents and delays. Also, different companies used different widths of track, so only certain trains could travel on certain railroads. In 1830, Robert Livingston Stevens solved this problem by designing an iron T-shaped rail. After this invention, railroads grew from three thousand miles to thirty thousand miles in only 20 years. Shipping costs greatly decreased and industry expanded. This also contributed to the Market Revolution.

Changes in agriculture

Improvements in transportation

They Made farming easier by getting machines to do all the work for them instead of hand. The seed drill planted for them and make the work go by quicker. They had crop rotation when they would plant any type of plant on one half of their field and another on the other half. For example, They would plant corn on one half and potatoes on the other then the next year they would switch the sides. They did this because different plants take up different nutrients from the soil so then they switch it so their plants will keep growing every year.

It took weeks and sometimes months for goods and letters to be passed all through the country. Canals,steamboats,and even Railroads helped with transportation issues.

Pollution:

Industrial pollution deteriorates the environment, and it has a negative impact on human lives and health. Pollutants kills animals and plants, imbalance ecosystems, degrade air quality, and affect quality of life.Pollution threatens natural systems, and esthetic sensibilities. Main types of industrial pollution are, water pollution, air pollution, pollution from solid wastes and noise pollution. Industrial Pollution is the most prominent and environmental concern.

Textiles and textile manufacturing

Cotton spinning using Arkwright's water frame, Hargreaves's Spinning Jenny, and Crompton's Spinning Mule. This was patented in 1769 and so came out of patent in 1783. The end of the patent was rapidly followed by the erection of many cotton mills. Similar technology was subsequently applied to spinning worsted yarn for various textiles and flax for linen.

Paraprase: The textile industry significantly grew during the Industrial Revolution. The demand for cloth grew, so merchants had to compete with others for the supplies to make it. This raised a problem for the consumer because the products were at a higher cost. The solution was to use machinery, which was cheaper then products made by hand (which took a long time to create), therefore allowing the cloth to be cheaper to the consumer. In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell set up the first American textile factory. It combined the tasks that were needed to transform raw cotton into finished cotton. One of the new spinning machines to produce cloth faster was the “spinning jenny,” invented by Englishman James Hargreaves. This new machine connected multiple spinning wheels in such a manner that up to eight threads can be processed at once. Unfortunately, this machine was so beneficial that it replaced workers- resulting in riots. In 1789, Samuel Slater memorized the secrets to textile manufacturing and brought them over to America to build the first water-powered cotton mill in America; being set up in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

James watt:

James was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer who improved the steam engine. His improvement converted heat energy to mechanical energy. He improved Newcomen's design, and by 1769 the improvements were so good that the machine could run all the time. After retirement, they named the unit, Watt, after him for his honorable work.

child labor:

The industrial revolution had no age limit when it came to work. Kids (girls and boys) were working in factory's at the ages of 6 and 7. they would work 19 hour shifts and sometimes they would get a 1 hour break. The kids were great for cleaning the machines and fixing things as they broke because they were small enough to get in small spaces. Often when in the process of cleaning or fixing they would lose some type of limb and there was no doctor aid so if they got injured there was someone else to fill their position.

Main Idea

The industrial revolution had many benefits as well as its downfalls.This time period started near the 19th century. Manufacturing often happened in peoples home and the textile industry and the steam engine soon came about in their lives making life easier.When manufactured goods and improved living came to them, it resulted in more jobs for people and even housing for the poor. This point and time was a great change and if it weren't for those inventions, we might not have the benefits we have today. James watt and his improvemnets on the steam engine further more helped the people in the19th century and made it easier to do things instead of all by hand.

Bibliography:

Industrial Revolution

  • http://galleryhip.com/industrial-revolution-child-labor-punishments.html
  • http://www.ctreg14.org/page.cfm?p=1940
  • http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventors/watt.htm
  • http://www.divulgacioncientifica.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=972
  • http://www.academia.edu/1774110/Industrial_Revolution
  • http://makingthemodernworld.org.uk/stories/the_age_of_the_engineer/03.ST.02/?scene=4&tv=true
  • http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution
  • https://suite.io/barry-vale/18t52bb
  • http://industrialrevolutionresearch.com/industrial_revolution_textile_industry.php
  • http://www.questgarden.com/53/70/9/070720132205/process.htm
  • http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-58_u-505_t-1365_c-5255/transportation/act/sose-economy-and-society/industrial-revolution-societies-and-change/the-industrial-revolution
  • http://imgarcade.com/1/crop-rotation-industrial-revolution
  • http://cookit.e2bn.org/historycookbook/33-340-Life-in-stuarts.html
  • http://world-civ-2012-13.wikispaces.com/Living+Conditions+of+the+Early+Industrial+Revolution+%281B%29

Jayla Stice

3rd period

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