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Transcript

Nijmegen & the Roman forts in the Netherlands

Conclusion & discussion questions

discussion question 1

conclusion

discussion question 2

Before the Romans

neolithic, bronze age

mi

What are the differences you can recognize, between the nature of roman occupation in the Netherlands and the area of your own research ?

Nijmegen

What are the differences in religion in different parts of the Roman empire?

castra hunerberg

fase 2

Castra Kops Plateau

castra hunerberg

first fase

70 a.d.

wood

stone

abandoned 3rd century

  • 15 bc
  • room for two legions
  • campaign Drusus/Caesar

10 b.C.

800 men

4.5 Ha

C(aius) AQUILLI PROCULI C(enturio) LEG(io) VIII AUG (Gaius Aquilius Proculus, Centurio of the eight legion Augusta).

Historical overview

Amphitheatre

The Roman forts

Arena 58 x 46 m

10.000 spectators

army and citizens

Offensive period (57 B.C. – 47 A.D.)

Temple complex

Thermae

Augustean period: control over the Netherlands

Netherlands as military base for conquest of Germania

Archeological visibility of Roman army

Roman helmet (1st half of 1st century A.D.)

Defensive period (47 – 270 A.D.)

Retreat to Rhine area

Defensive character

Limes as border

Introduction

Burnt layer (Valkenburg 69/70 A.D.)

Valkenburg, phase 1

Valkenburg, Phase 1

Helmet (defensive period)

Collapse and occasional regain

of control (270 – 406 )

Invasions and occasional

regain of power

No more limes

Militairy settlements in former

civil area’s

270 A.D. : Limes area sacked and abandoned

conclusions

Military nature of Roman presence

Distribution of forts matches military policy

The Netherlands in the Roman period

58 b.c. Julius Caesar

11, b.c. Augustus

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