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Benjamine, M. (2016, March 13). Syphilis cases growing exponentially in Fresno County. The Fresno Bee. Retrieved August 29,
2016, from http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article65850927.html
California Department of Public Health. (2015). Fresno County – Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Early Syphilis [Data file]. Retrieved on
August 29, 2016 from http://www.cdph.ca.gov/data/statistics/Documents/STD-Data-LHJ-Fresno.pdf
City of Fresno. (2016). Fresno Crime Watch. Retrieved August 29, 2016 from http://www.fresno.gov/Government/
DepartmentDirectory/Police/FresnoCrimeWatch/default.htm
Federal Poverty Level Guidelines. (n.d.). Retrieved August 26, 2016, from
http://obamacarefacts.com/federal-poverty-level/
Fresno County Department of Public Health. (2013). 2013 Infant Mortality. Retrieved August 29, 2016 from http://
www.co.fresno.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Departments/Public_Health/Divisions/CH/content/CD/content/Epidemiology/Infant%20Mortality%202013-3.pdf
National Institute on Drug Abuse (2015). National Survey of Drug Use and Health [Data file]. Retrieved on August 29, 2016 from
https://www.drugabuse.gov/national-survey-drug-use-health
Race and Ethnicity in Tract 0005.02. (n.d.). Retrieved August 29, 2016,
from http://gis.oshpd.ca.gov/atlas/places/tract/06019000502
Stanhope, M. & Lancaster, J. (2012). Public Health Nursing:
Population-Centered Health Care in the Community (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
Substance Abuse. (2016, August 18). Retrieved August 19, 2016,
from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/substance-abuse/objectives#5205
Zuk, M. Z. (n.d.). Health Equity in a New Urbanist Environment:
Land Use Planning and Community Capacity Building in Fresno, CA. Retrieved August 16, 2016, from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pq5p68j
Community is "a group of people, often living in a defined geographical area, who may share a common culture, values and norms, and are arranged in a social structure according to relationships which the community has developed over a period of time" (Stanhope & Lancaster, pg 397, 2012).
The community we assessed is Census tract 0005.02. This area encompasses the Downtown Fresno area.
"Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development," 2016
"Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development," 2016
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Speaker notes for previous slide:
Residents in our tract face a unique set of issues that affect their health. While issues with obesity have profound long term impacts on our resident’s health, many of our residents face daily issues with survival, which is why much of our focus is on examining health issues that pertain to the here and now.
- One of the most pressing issues that our community faces are threats of violence. According to reports generated by Fresno Police Chief Dyer and Information Service Manager Allard (2016), in June alone the police department that serves our district responded to 68 violent crimes. Such crimes consisted of, “2 willful homicides, 5 forcible rapes, 22 robberies, and 39 aggravated assaults” (p. 5). In fact, in a 24-hour period of time between the early morning of Aug 24th -26th, our census tract alone had 1 homicide, 1 theft, and 1 assault with a dangerous weapon (City of Fresno, 2016). Putting yourself in these resident’s shoes, you might see why residents would worry about their survival day to day. This can lead to risky behaviors, when living for the day is the only thing you know to do.
- We know Fresno has a drug issue, but how bad is it really? It’s difficult to truly know how pervasive the issue is due to the lack of information gathered within Fresno county. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuses (2015), in 2014 36.10% of American adults ages 18-25 used illicit drugs. With Fresno being coined as the “Meth Capital of the US” by some, it is reasonable to presume that the drug use would be much higher, especially in lower income neighborhoods who have high rates of crime, such as our census tract. This aggravates the already mounting issue of violent crimes, and lends itself it issues regarding prostitution, sex trafficking, dropout rates, incarceration, and other consequences that can put this population at risk.
- Lastly, on to the most profound impacts on health that our residents have is income. According to the government organization OSHPD (2016), in our tract alone, “37% [are] below federal 100% poverty line” (OSHPD, 2016). This issue affects residents lives and health in a myriad of ways. It is well researched that poverty is linked to lower education, higher incidents of unemployment, higher crime rates, higher rates of incarceration, but also higher mortality rates and poorer overall health. Residents unable to afford care understandably have decreased access to care, regardless to the proximity they are to major hospitals. One of the many situations that demonstrates this point is infant mortality rates. According to the Fresno County Public Health Department (2013), our census tract had an infant mortality rate (IMR) of between 19.3-30.9 deaths per thousand births. When examining the incidence map, these deaths even went as far as to trace around the hospital, confining it to purely the residential area surround the hospital. This is important because it negates the claim that some of these deaths were patients of the nearby hospital rather than the actual population. Indeed, this census faces an uphill battle when it comes to accessing care.
- Speaker Notes: Such risky behavior can be observed in cases of documented Syphilis and other STIs. According to the California Department of Public Health (2015), Fresno County had 5,689 cases of Chlamydia, 1,507 cases of Gonorrhea, 151 cases of Syphilis. Many of these cases were of STIs went hand-in-hand with drug use. According to The Fresno Bee (2016), “In Fresno County, the syphilis problem is connected to drug users, specifically methamphetamine, and it’s not uncommon among the homeless. Both groups aren’t easily tracked and don’t seek help from doctors” (2016). This just compounds the issues faced by this community.