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Sand Composition And Shape
SAND!
- Most sand is make of quartz.
- Resistant to weathering.
- The farther from its source rock a sand is, the closer it is to pure quartz. But many "dirty" sands contain feldspar grains, tiny bits of rock (lithics), or dark minerals.
- In few places, black basalt lava breaks down into black sand (almost pure lithics.
- In even fewer places, green olivine is concentrated to form green sand beaches.
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By :
Properties Of Sand
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- Particle Size and Distribution - The source rock and weathering transportation history of a sand usually results in a particle size distribution that can be characteristics of a sample.
- Surface Texture - The surface of a sand grain can vary between being smooth to frosted (Smooth indicates chemical reaction and frosted indicates wind action)
Characterizing Properties of Sand
- Sand is ubiquitous. It makes up most beach and river deposits.
- Sand is concentrated by selective transport.
- Sand is left at beaches at the finer clay particles are washed out to sea.
- A medium sized river takes about a million years to transport a sand grain 100 million downstream.
River Sand
- Produced from river streams and banks
- Fine in quality unlike pit sand.
- Has rounded grains generally in white-grey colour.
- Has many uses in the construction purpose such as plastering.
Sea Sand
- Complications in urban
areas caused by numerous
sources of air pollution.
Types Of Sand
cont'd...
- Taken from seas shores
- Brown colour with fine circular grains.
- Avoided for the purpose construction of concrete structure and in engineering techniques because it contains salt which tends to absorb moisture from atmosphere and brings dampness.
- Eventually cement also loses its action when mixed with sea sand that is why it is only used for the local purpose instead of structural construction.
- Naturally arid climatic and soil conditions that create conditions favorable for wind and water erosion.
Shear Failure
cont'd...
Pit Sand
(Coarse Sand)
- Lack of “baseline” data that would allow comparisons of pre-mining and active mining conditions for air and water quality.
- Classified under coarse sand.
- Also called badarpur in common language.
- This type of coarse sand is produced from deep pits of abundant supply
- Generally in red-orange colour.
- Sharp, angular and certainly free from salts
- Mostly employed in concreting.
A loose granular subtances, typically pale yellowish brown, resulting erosion of siliceous and other forming a major consistent of beaches, river bed, sea bed and deserts.
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