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Polyethylene Manufacturing Process

GG

Gabe Galante

Transcript

Natural Resources Required

How raw materials are obtained

  • Raw natural gas or crude oil extraction.
  • Transportation via pipeline to natural gas processing plant or petroleum refinery plant.
  • Transportation to steam cracking plant, where ethane is converted to ethylene.

Where it's done

Availability and Cost

  • America has an abundant supply of natural gas.
  • New methods of extraction has increased amount of natural gas available.

1. Horizontal drilling.

2. Oil shale discoveries (Bakken, Eagle Ford, Marcellus).

3. Hydraulic (high pressure) "Fracking" technology.

  • Due to abundance of natural gas, raw materials are low cost.
  • Forecast for increase by 52% in ethylene production in U.S. by 2016.

Environmental Impacts

  • Natural gas and petroleum are non-renewable resources.
  • Polyethylene is readily recyclable.
  • One billion pounds recycled in 2012
  • 32% of Polyethylene bottles recycled in 2012
  • Bio-degradeable or bio-sourced plastics are not practical alternatives to polyethylene.

Reaction, Processes, and Reaction Conditions

  • Under the right conditions (T, P, and catalysis), the double bond of the ethylene monomer opens up and many monomers link up to form chains.

Processes

  • Gas-phase polymerization: ethylene gas is contacted with solid catalyst material. Accomodates a wide variety of catalysts and is the most common process
  • Liquid-phase polymerization: catalyst and particle polymers are suspended in a solvent (hydrocarbon).
  • High pressure polymerization: requires pressures in excess of 20,000 PSI. Oxygen or peroxide are used as the initiator.

Conditions

Products and their Uses

Polyethylene Manufacturing Process

Reactions

Bibliography

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polyethylene-repeat-2D-flat.png

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polyethylene-repeat-2D.png

http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/pe.htm

http://www.mtrinc.com/polyethylene_production.html

http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Addition_Polymers.htm

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