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Plato's Myth of Er
School of Athens: Raphael
- Er died in battle
- He was chosen to observed the underworld
- Judges guided good people to the sky, bad into the earth
- Spindle of Necessity: chose new life
- Souls drank from the River Lethe to forget their old life
- Er remembered nothing of the journey back to his body
- Woke up on his funeral pyre several days after his death
Underworld
Andrea de Jorio, 1825
Agostino Carracci (1592)
- Everyone who dies goes to the Underworld
- Realms: Isles of the Blessed, Elysium, the Asphodel Meadows, Fields of Punishment, and Tartarus
- Rivers: Styx, Acheron, Lethe, Phlegethon, and Cocytus
- The deceased crossed the Acheron, ferried across by Charon
- The far side of the River was guarded by Cerberus
- The three judges: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Aeacus
- Only living people who came: Odysseus, Aeneas, Orpheus, Theseus
Biography
Agostino Caracci. Date: 1592
Persephone
- Eldest son of Rhea and Cronos
- God of the Underworld and wealth
- Helped his brothers defeat the titans
- associated with death and feared by men
- Symbols: Cerberus, Drinking horn, scepter, Cypress, Narcissus, key, helm of darkness and bident
- always wanted to increase his realm, did not like it when his servants left
- Spent most of his time in the Underworld
18th century
Bernini: Duomo
- Zeus had promised Hades a bride
- Hades kidnapped her because she resisted
- Demeter cast a famine on the land until Hades would release her
- Since she ate the pomegranate of the underworld, she had to return there for half of the year
- When she is in the Underworld, winter is on the earth
Theseus and Pirithous
Cult
Elis
- Decided they wanted to kidnap daughters of Zeus
- Theseus took Helen, and Pirithous chose Persephone
- When they went into the Underworld, Hades knew they were coming
- Hades fakes hospitality, and they were trapped in their chairs with snakes
- Theseus was eventually rescued by Heracles
- Pirithous remained trapped in the Underworld
- Worshipped in fear, no living person wanted to see him soon
- Did not look at his face on statues or when sacrificing
- Did not say his name: referred to as "The Rich One"
- Also called Clymenus, Polydegmon, and Eubuleus
- Stomped on the ground so he could hear them
- Sacrificed black animals to him
- Blood was dripped into a pit
- Said to be the dual identity of Dyonysus from the Mysteries