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Formalism

Duality

  • London and Paris
  • Carton and Darnay
  • Love and hate
  • Sanity and insanity
  • Life and Death

"A Tale of two cities"

Social differences

Sacrifice and Love

  • Dr. Manette sacrifices his freedom in order to preserve his integrity.
  • Charles sacrifices his family wealth and heritage in order to live a life free of guilt for his family's wrong-doings.
  • The French people are willing to sacrifice their own lives to free themselves from tyranny.
  • Carton's love for Lucie led him to sacrifice his life for her happiness.

The poor were very poor and the

rich were very rich. (Ex. the people

who drank the wine when it spilled

vs. the Marquis St. Evremonde)

The rich were mostly rich because

they exploided the poor.

Once the poor were tired of their

suffering, they

decided to start a rebellion.

A formal critic is one who seeks to understand the text by identifying the various literary and rhetorical devices that are used and explains how this adds meaning and richness to the work.

Sources

The End

"Formalism." By Dickens, We've Got It! N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.

"Literary Devices and Literary Terms." Literary Devices. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.

Shmoop Editorial Team. "A Tale of Two Cities Analysis." Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.

"Theme - Definition and Examples of Theme." Literary Devices. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Oct. 2014.

- By Silvia Perez, Nicholas Moseley, Taylor Lemley, Haley Nix, and Katelyn Gardner

MAJOR THEMES

Theme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly

When analyzing through these lens...

  • Focus on textual structures, techniques, and language
  • Consider that formalism attempts to treat each work as its own distinct piece(the key to understanding a text is within the text itself)
  • Exclude biographical, historical, or intellectual contexts.

Violence

Family

  • The French Revolution (the execution of many people a day with the guillotine)
  • The storming of the Bastille

Dr. Manette and Lucie Manette's

relationship has shown that your family is willing to do anything for your well-being.

Symbolism

Paradox

Foreshadowing

(A literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story)

(a situation, person, or thing that combines contradictory features or qualities)

The broken wine cask symbolizes bodies and blood spilling.

The resemblance between Carton and Darnay is foreshadowing a possible mix-up of their identities later in the book.

Carton tells Lucie,

"For you, and for nay dear to you, I would do anything"

Literary

Devices

Used

Madame Defarge symbolizes the devil and sin; the essence of pure evil. Her knitting symbolizes the vengefulness of the common people.

Allusions

Carton- Allusion to Jesus (sacrificed himself

for the well-being of others)

Lucie- Allusion to Saint Lucy (She seems to

be almost as pure and noble as a saint)

Madame Defarge- Allusion to the Devil

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