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The architect's duty was to make it a capital that is a cultural, commercial and industrial center, as from it will flow life and activity throughout the province.
The new capital was to be designed to accommodate an initial population of 150,000 in it's first phase and an ultimate one of 500,000.
A city that would serve as a model city for the future cities to come in the nation; a city where water, drainage and electricity would be available to even the "poorest of the poor".
A detailed budget covered subsidised housing for all categories of government employees. Social and cultural amenities included as many as 35
educational and eight medical institutions in addition to six community centres, six swimming pools, a stadium museum and art school, library, town hall and a number of administrative offices
The city has both hills and plains, a sufficient elevation to temper the worst heats of the summer, a background of hills and mountains, a bolt hole to the nearby hill station.
A nearly flat plain land upon which to build... nearly ideal for its purpose.
CONCEPT OF 7VS
V1- Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns
V2- Arterial roads
V3- Fast vehicular roads around the sectors
V4- Meandering shopping streets
V5- Sector circulation roads
V6- Access roads to houses
V7- Footpaths, cycle tracks Buses will ply only on V1,V2, V3 and V4 roads. A wall shall seal the V3 roads from the sectors.
GREEN CITY CONCEPT
Planned as a Green City with abundance of open spaces, Chandigarh ensures that every dwelling has its adequate share of three elements of Sun, Space and Verdure. Location of green belt was in north south direction to link all sectors with the Shivalik range of hills / mountains.
CONCEPT OF 7VS
A well-defined hierarchy of Circulation based on Le Corbusier’s V7s road-system designed to lead traffic into the city and to distribute it right uptill the dwelling unit. Marg refers to the
important avenues (V2), while Paths were referred to less important streets (V3).
LOW-RISE DEVELOPMENT
Planned as a low-rise city, it has developed on the stated principles and, even after sixty years of its inception still retains the original concept to a large extent.
HIERARCHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Hierarchical distribution of population with the density lowest in the northern sectors and gradually increasing towards the southern sectors.
The function of Living occupies primary place and has been organised into a cellular system of sectors based on the concept of a neighbourhood unit. Each sector (with the exception of sectors 1 to 6, 12, 14, 17, and 26) has a size of 800m x 1200m which was determined on the parameter of providing all amenities i.e. shops, schools, health centres and places of recreation and worship within a 10-minute walking distance of the residents. The originally planned population of a sector varied between 3000 and20,000 depending upon the size of plots, the topography of the area, and the urban- design considerations. Every sector is introvert in character and permits only four vehicular entries into its interior to provide a tranquil and serene environment conducive to the enrichment of life.
Sector size - 800m x 1200 m determined by maximum 10 minute walking distance from facilities
Introvert planning with sealing walls along main roads so as not to be disturbed by the fast vehicular traffic outside
Emphasis on family life and community living Schools along green belts safe for children, dispensaries, shopping, community centres,centrally located in 10 minutes walk and bus stops on main road within walking distance.
Parks within 300m
Meandering profile of the V4/V5 to enable slow carriage ways Comfortable vehicular and pedestrian access right to the doorstep of the house
Inter-sectoral connectivity along NS green
belts.
Chandigarh was planned as an Administrative Town for a
population of 5 lakhs and built in two phases: Sectors 1 to 30
which formed the First Phase, and Sectors 31 to 47 constituting
the Second Phase of its development. The City was planned on the principles of CIAM (Congress Internationaux d’ Architecture Moderne) Theories defining four major city-functions i.e. Living, Working, Care of Body & Spirit, and Circulation.
PURE LANDUSE PLANNING
While detailing out the landuse distribution, the underlined principle adopted in the Master Plan was to allocate different areas for living, working, trade and commerce, industry etc. Accordingly, the sectors were designated for residential, commercial and industrial, institutional uses.
ORDER IN THE PLAN
Underlying concept of order is reflected in the entire plan and in its various components, there is order in the hierarchy of its various uses and their designated location:
• Hierarchy of the circulation system,
• Hierarchy of the commercial centre,
• Hierarchy of the health facilities,
• Hierarchy of the educational facilities,
• Hierarchy of open spaces,
• Hierarchy of living units,
• Hierarchy in the infrastructural services,
• Hierarchy in the extent and nature of architectural control.
Le Corbusier conceived the Master Plan of Chandigarh as analogous to Human Body in terms of Head (the Capitol Complex, Sector 1), Heart (the City Centre, Sector 17), Lungs (the Leisure Valley, innumerable open spaces, and sector-greens), the Intellect (the cultural and educational institutions), the Circulatory System (the network of roads, the 7Vs) and the Industrial Area.
Working Areas – The Capitol Complex Sector 17,
commercial belts along Jan Marg, Madhya Marg, Himalaya Marg , Udyog Path, Dakshin Marg.
Living - the Sectors
Care of body and spirit – Leisure Valley, Sukhna Lake, parks, green
belts, cultural belts and the educational belts
Circulation – the 7v network of roads on a modular grid iron pattern .
LIVING
WORKING
MIND, BODY AND SOUL