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In Issue 31, 1954 François Truffaut, influential film critic and filmmaker and one of the founders of the French New Wave, published:
"A Certain Tendency of French Cinema"
In this work he claimed that film is a great medium for expressing the personal ideas of the director. He suggested that this meant that the director should therefore be regarded as an auteur.
The publication was a direct attack to "Tradition of Quality" and "Author's Policy"
HOWEVER !
Pierre Bost & Jean Aurenche
According to Aurenche and Bost: The director has a secondary role of implementing their scenarios.
Truffaut initiated the idea of 'auteurism' authorship,
In film criticism, auteurism holds that a director's film reflects the director's personal creative vision, as if he were the primary author
Which leads us to a question:
The value of a film remains purely on the basis of their subject matter? or on the ability of the director to tell the story (Mise en Scéne)?
Nevertheless... Fereydoun Hoveyda in 1961 on a special issue of Cahiers explained, that the form meaning 'La mise en scéne is overvalued by making a distinction against the 'subject-matter' or tellling the story. When both go hand in hand, both are correlative.
Cahiers' function in the history of film criticism appears as a shaking
loose of established modes, revolutionizing film criticism.
It overvalues the mise en scéne or form and its ability to account for
pleasure and excitement. Forgetting about the writing and other arts.
Extracts from Cahiers du Cinéma
Francois Truffaut, 'Une Certaine Tendence du Cinéma Francais'
"...these are audacities of hommes de cinéma (Filmmakers) and no longer of scenarists, metteurs en scéne, or littérateurs."
Fereydoun Hoveyda, 'La réponse de Nicholas Ray'
"...some critics keep harping bad to how necessary it is not
to neglect the importance of the screenplay, of the acting
of the production system... of course cinema is at the same
time a technique, an industry and an art, and like all art,
it borrows from other arts."
André Bazin, 'La politique des auteurs'
"...the politique des auteurs seems to me to hold and defend an essential critical true that the cinema needs more than the other arts, precisely because an art of true artistic relation in more uncertain and vulnerable in the cinema than elsewhere."
"The auteur theory is not so much a theory as an attitude, a table
of values that converts film history into directorial autobiography.
The auteur critic is obssesed with the wholeness of art and the artist.
He looks at a film as a whole, a director as a whole"
Rasing Kane by Pauline Kael
American film critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991.
Citizen Kane
Director: Orson Welles
Writers: Herman J. Mankiewicz (original screenplay), Orson Welles (original screenplay)
Stars: Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten and Dorothy Comingore
"It is difficult to explain what makes any great work great, and particularly difficult with movies, and maybe more so with Citizen Kane than with other great movies, because it isn’t a work of special depth or a work of subtle beauty. It is a shallow work, a shallow masterpiece."
I't's an essay that defends
and saves Mankiewicz reputation
as a writer and auteur of 'Citizen Kane'
"I think what makes Welles’s directorial style so satisfying in this movie is that we are constantly aware of the mechanics—that the pleasure Kane gives doesn’t come from illusion but comes from our enjoyment"
Citizen Kane is about the private life of a public figure whose scandals
and sensationalist life becomes a preffered subject for audiences rather than
politics or relevant issues, yellow press becomes real entertainment.
The audiences are only looking for the 'behind the scenes' and the dirty details
Fereydoun Hoveyda, 'La Réponse de Nicholas Ray'
"...some critics keep harping back to how necessary it is no to neglect the importance of the screenplay, of the acting, of the production system... of course cinema is at the same time a technique, an industry, and an art, and like all art it borrows from other arts."
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari