BioTechnology
NanoKNIFE
Treatment
- controlled and focused process
- healthy tissues should NOT be affected
Over the years...
- tumor treatment became more specific and minimal
- but still with side effects
Tumor Cells VS Normal Cells
- or environmental factors: radiation, tobacco
- replicate abnormalities forming in the body
- cancer cells do not know when to stop growing and does not die
- sometimes, cancer cells break away from the tumor to travel to the different parts of the body.
Tumor Ablation
1. Cyroablation – use of extremely cold temperatures to freeze the diseased tissue.
2. Radiofrequency ablation – use of heat generated by radiofrequency energy.
3. Microwave ablation – use of heat generated by microwave energy.
4. Laser ablation – use of heat from a laser beam.
5. Ultrasound ablation – uses heat from focused ultrasound energy.
6. Chemotheraphy – uses drugs
7. Electrochemotherapy – drug treatment through electroporation
These methods other than 6 and 7 work through the insertion of an needle electrode or an antenna to the diseased tissue guided by the CT or ultrasound.
Once these are placed, energy is then delivered.
These processes might need repetition depending on the size, number, and location of the tumor.
The destroyed tissues are then left to shrink until it becomes a scar.
Disadvantages of other tumor ablation methods other than IRE:
Electroporation
- a mechanical method in which molecules or DNA is inserted to a host cell
- electric current shocks the phospolipid layer of the cell
- this makes temporary pores on the membrane
Applications:
1. DNA transformation
2. The direct transfer of plasmid between cells
3. Induced cell fission
4. Trans-dermal drug delivery
5. Cancer-Tumor treatment
6. Gene Therapy
Irreversible Electroporation
- uses the same method as with the normal electroporation
- but this method does not let the host cells close its pores again
- a permeable cell lets out the content of the DNA and the host would eventually die/apoptosis.
What is the NanoKnife® IRE System?
How does this compare to other therapies, like cryoablation, microwave or RFA?
- IRE is a generation apart from the more common ablation therapies that use extreme heat, extreme cold, radiation or microwave energy.
-NanoKnife treats without exposing tissue to extreme cold or heat, eliminating a major cause of treatment failure and possible damage to normal tissue and other parts that is near the ablation area.
- can be used in difficult-to-treat body parts and gives a treatment option for patients who cannot undergo traditional surgery because of the location or extent of the tissue to be ablated.
NanoKnife Process
1. The patient is treated under general anesthesia.
2. Ultra-sound or CT scan imaging will be used to insert probes into the tumor area.
Using ultrasound, the interventional
radiologist has placed the NanoKnife probes around
a liver tumor.
3. The physician then delivers high-voltage electrical pulses through the tumor.
4. The tumor cells receiving the electrical pulses will open their microscopic pores permanently
5. This causes the cells to die, dissolve and be removed by the body’s natural processes.
6. Patients recover rapidly and are typically able to be discharged from the hospital within hours of the procedure.
This is because IRE is minimally invasive
Cancer Cells
- triggered by mutations in the DNA coming from: age, genetics.
while destroying adjacent tissues
Benefits:
-does not require any drugs
- does not cause any detrimental thermal and chemical effects
- method is not affected by local blood flow
- easily applied, monitored and controlled
Tumors
References:
http://kidshealth.org/kid/cancer_center/cancer_basics/cancer.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/Molbio/MolStudents/spring2003/McCord/electroporation.htm
http://www.medicinenet.com/chemotherapy/article.htm
http://www.cool-tiprf.com/pdf/R0006770_Covidien_Ablation_5_26_09.pdf
http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~rubinsky/electroporation/Technology%20in%20cancer%20research.pdf
Images:
Tumors can be removed through a number of ways:
Cyroablation tumor destructionperformed through the use of ultra-cold liquid argon gas
http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=nanoknife&um=1&hl=tl&client=firefox-a&hs=OzJ&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&tbm=isch&tbnid=Ef3tNkrdcOXH8M:&imgrefurl=http://www.onemedplace.com/blog/archives/1083&imgurl=http://www.onemedplace.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/nanoknife.jpg&w=725&h=767&ei=6vjPTfGcAY7evQPnqayTCg&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=135&tbnw=128&start=0&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&biw=1024&bih=416
- http://www.jyi.org/articleimages/873/originals/img0.jpg
- http://0.tqn.com/d/breastcancer/1/0/9/2/-/-/cancer_vs_normal_cells.jpeg
- http://www.integraldeeplistening.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Dividing_Cancer_Cell-small.jpg
- http://www.rsc.org/images/b514317a-250_tcm18-48745.jpg
- http://images.sciencedaily.com/2009/05/090527180038-large.jpg
- http://www.naturegene.com/picture/ECM_830_lg.jpg
- http://www.cpmc.org/images/lapsurg/procedures/cryoablation.jpg
- http://www.sirweb.org/images/patients/radiofrequency_ablation_2.jpg
- http://www.coxhealth.com/images/Healthsense/janfebmarch2010/liver%20cancer.jpg
- http://www.visualaseinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/brain-cancer-1.jpg
- http://style.hisimg.com/var/userImages/2007-12/24/lifecare_135443.jpg
- http://southernersjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Cancer-chemotherapy1.jpg
- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3b/Shema_ect.jpg/360px-Shema_ect.jpg
- http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_wrxjLa5HvCE/TOfcA5P521I/AAAAAAAAABQ/JpqNgODBh2w/s1600/cell-phone_deals.jpg
- http://bucksvets.com/vets/photos/tumor.jpg
Radiofrequency Ablation
Microwave ablation for liver cancer and tumors
Laser brain tissue ablation
Ultrasound Ablation Knife
1. In low temperature therapy, although the environment can easily be controlled, the probes used are large and difficult to use.
2. On chemical treatments, it is the area of application that is hard to control, providing a higher possibility of side effects.
3. High temperature therapies have the ease of application but the area of application is also hard to control due to the blood circulation.
-an FDA-cleared, minimally-invasive surgical ablation system that employs IRE.
-as stated earlier, IRE is a focal therapy that permits the ablation of soft tissue while leaving the surrounding structures viable.
What are its side effects?
How common is this procedure?
- possible risk from the anesthesia
- little post-procedural pain or bleeding afterwards
-minimal scarring
- available since September 2009
- cleared by FDA in US
-used by physicians in centers in US and abroad
Members:
- Joshua Bautista
- Nico Dumdum
- Joi Federico
- EunKwang Kim