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•Distinguished key differences between juveniles and adults
•Focused on rehabilitation and change rather than punishment
•Separated juveniles and adults in the correction and court system
•Created a system of probation for juveniles
•Used education as part of juvenile’s punishment
•Kept juveniles under the age of twelve out of jail or prison
•Eliminated the death penalty for juveniles
•Identified specific rights of the court over juvenile cases
- Monitor grades and school attendance while on juvenile probation by the courts
-Helps to get the family involved and will help to get to the root of the juveniles issues.
•Reformers believed that treating children and adolescents as adult criminals was unnecessarily harsh and resulted in their corruption
•The establishment of the juvenile court was to prevent children from being treated as criminals.
•Children and young adolescents are developmentally different from adults and young adolescents and are not criminally responsible for their actions. Children and adolescents brought before the court were assumed to require the court’s guidance and intervention, instead of punishment.
•The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 gave the court jurisdiction over neglected, dependent, and delinquent children under the age of 16. The focus of the court was rehabilitation rather than punishment.
•For 30 years “child-saving” reformers won a campaign for a separate juvenile court system.
•Poverty is increasing and children are on the streets getting involved with people and situations that are not healthy or safe for them. This, in the end, affects social workers who are trying to provide social services for them.
•This act was a great way to start a separate juvenile court system but many changes have come out of it, benefiting the delinquent child to assure a safe place and environment for them to grow up while providing educational opportunities.
Power Source is a program that discusses grief, loss, and family issues; Baby Smart is how to raise your baby; and Sex Smart is teaching residents how to perform safe sex to avoid becoming pregnant or contracting an STD. Along with these programs the facility also offers a bible study, holiday feasts, and past residents inspirational speeches.
In terms of mental health, the center does not provide an extensive amount of treatment. Quincy works with Transitions, another center in Quincy, to help assist residents who may have mental health or drug abuse needs. John explains that many of the residents coming in to the facility already have their own counselors and states “dysfunctional families result in dysfunctional kids”.
These programs are proving to be effective, so effective in fact that the center is “needing kids” to keep the center up and running. Lack of funding from the state makes it difficult to provide adequate and effective programs for the residents as well as up to date equipment. With lack of funding also comes lack of training. Quincy is allotted approximately two thousand dollars per year for training. John explained how this amount of money for training is enough for everyone to get CPR certified and a small amount of extra training for supervisors.
•Law was written to protect children in the justice system.
•Law created America’s first juvenile court system.
•Law incorporated the English common law philosophy of parens patriae.
- Def: doctrine that grants the inherent power and authority of the state to protect persons who are legally unable to act on their own behalf.
- Adopted this philosophy because it was felt the stated had a moral obligation to intervene on behalf of the juvenile conditions.
•No court system for children.
•Children under age 7 were presumed unable to form the intent to commit a crime. Were eliminated from the criminal justice system.
•Children between ages 7-14 were presumed unable to form required intent to commit a crime. Prosecutors could rebut this presumption by demonstrating the child knew right from wrong.
•Children over the age of 14 were presumed to have the capacity to commit crimes and were treated as adults.
•Children were jailed with adults.
•Children did not have the same protections as adults in the justice system.
-Did not have the right to bail.
-Did not have the right of indictment by a grand jury.
-Did not have the right to a public trial.
Social workers should advocate keeping this regulation because it supports the Code of Ethics by promoting social justice for incarcerated juveniles
Juveniles should all have the right to an education and this regulation ensures that they are receiving an education even while incarcerated
One improvement to this regulation would be giving social workers specific roles within the Act to make sure the education being provided is adequate