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THE PANOPTICON

Understanding Disciplinary Power

  • Greek word Combo! Pantos - "all", & Optikos - "to see" = all seeing

  • Illustrated the move from torture towards discipline in the penal system

  • Asymmetric power relation

  • Solved the problems of:
  • Surveillance gaps/ "Blank Spaces"
  • Disciplinary/surveillance continuity

  • Continuously being watched, never certain when or by whom...
  • Begin to discipline self

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  • Foucault: Disciplinary Power is NOT intentionally evil!
  • Positive Elements:
  • Corrective through discipline, not meant to be repressive

  • Seeks to understand through accumulation of knowledge
  • Problem individual + observation + expert knowledge = defined problem and treatment

  • Seeks to produce "Expert Knowledge"
  • defines types of individuals: ie. "Criminally Insane"

Discipline cannot be everywhere at once - we are more free than we think

Foucauldian theory redefines the concept of knowledge. No objective understanding, only the production of expert knowledge.

Bentham and Foucault

WHERE WE ARE GOING:

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)

  • philosopher and social reformist
  • Associated with Utilitarianism
  • Created the Panopticon as positive penal reform

Michel Foucault (1920-1984)

  • Interested in: Truth, Knowledge, and Power
  • Panopticon as illustrative of how power is exercised
  • Before the panopticon - "The Plague Town"

3 Components Needed for Panoptic Structure

Means of Correct Training

1. Hierarchical Observation

  • The "Gaze" is watching the docile bodies and subjects them to constant yet uncertain surveillance.
  • Often associated with the "Medical Gaze"
  • Few observing the many (Hierarchical Power)

2. Normalizing Judgement

  • Punishment when there is failure to live up to the normalized standard
  • Your behavior must be "normal"

3. Examination

  • Combines the observation and judgement components
  • Examples: Medical examination, final exams, probation, Santa Clause

1. Bentham & Foucault

2. The Panopticon

3. Understanding Disciplinary Power

4. The Three Required 3 Components of a Panoptic Structure

Misunderstandings

Thank You. Any Questions?

  • Must have 3 components!!!

  • Illustrative of more than just disciplinary power.

  • Structure Types:

Panoptic - surveillance of the many by the few

Synoptic - is the surveillance of the few by the many.

Understanding Foucault's Panopticon

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