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Seabiscuit

During the 1930s, lots of Americans desperately wanted to get away from the reality of the Great Depression. What was once the land of opportunity was at that time the land of desperation. What was once the land of hope and optimism had become the land of despair. This is where " Seabiscuit" comes into play. Seabiscuit had become a national obsession which took over three years to kick in. Thousands of people came and crowded the stands just to witness him workout.The public loved Seabiscuit, it gave them hope in America , hope that was longed for through this Great Depression.

During the 1930s, the Great Depression took place, leaving millions homeless and unemployed. Hoover was elected president at the time, but only made things worse.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt soon took office and then created the New Deal, protecting millions of suffering Americans.

Presidency

1940: Male: 60.8, Female: 65.2

1935: Male: 59.9, Female: 63.9

1930: Male: 58.1, Female: 61.6

Life Expectancy

$1,170 = $15,329

- 1930: 123,076,741 to 1939: 130,879,718

Population

Wage

Car

$480 = $6,289

$7,543 = $98,828

- Late 1930s (1939): WWII Begins (Holocaust Event involving Hitler)

- Isolationism: the policy of isolating one’s country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., seeking to devote the entire efforts of one’s country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding entanglements and responsibilities

Cost of Living

House

Foreign Affairs

- The Wagner Act (1935): guaranteed covered workers the right to organize and join labor movements, to choose representatives and bargain collectively, and to strike

- Walsh-Healy Act (1936): stated that workers must be paid not less than the “prevailing minimum wage” normally paid in a locality; restricted regular working hours to 8 hours a day and 40 hours a week, time-and-a-half pay for additional hours; prohibited employment of convicts and children under 18; established sanitation and safety standards

Many immigrants from this time were refugees who were trying to escape Nazi persecution.

Millions of Mexican immigrants were deported because of economic purposes and because many Americans felt that they were the cause of job loss.

Due to the dust bowl, many American farmers migrated from the East to the West in search for agricultural work.

- Neutrality Act of 1937: U.S. citizens are forbidden from traveling on belligerent ships, and American merchant ships were prevented from transporting arms to belligerents even if those arms were produced outside of the U.S.

Bonnie and Clyde had their crime spree during the Great Depression. Using the anti-government feeling that people had, they were involved in many robberies.

Al Capone cemented his reputation during this time period. He was involved in many suspicious murders and was known as Public Enemy Number One. He was involved with the illegal making and distribution of alcohol.

John Dillinger was a famous bank robber during this time. After being released for his first robbery, he formed a gang and robbed many banks during his lifetime. He became well known because he didn't stay locked up for long.

Immigration

Laws

Crime

- 13 – 15 million workers had no jobs

- Roosevelt created large-scale temporary jobs program during 1933-1934

o Civil Works Administration: Employed more than 4 million men and women at jobs from buildings to creating art

o Works Progress Administration: employed 8.5 million people spending $11 billion as it transformed the national infrastructure

 Clothing for poor

 Landmark programs in art, music, theater, and writing

Economy

Jobs

Because of the Federal Reserve, our currency is worth 3% more today than it was in

1913

Along with Seabiscuit came many other things in the 1930s.

In 1993, gold was not allowed to be used as money

because Roosevelt declared that gold had to

be $35 per ounce.

Government

The U.S dollar was over twentieth of an ounce of gold from 1792 to 1933, and was able to be redeemed by gold.

Currency

Transportation to school was walking, they had no transportation and sometimes the nearest school was about 25 miles away.

Any disciplinary problems were handled by the teachers. They use to cane them. School where also segregated.

Dress code: Girls wore dresses and boys sometimes wore overalls.

Subjects:

Math, English or spelling, art ,civics and geography sometimes sewing.

The children had to read famous Dick and Jane introduced in 1931. They had sport teams and physical education classes.

Schools

A movement began during the 1930's where many students known as "leftists" believed that other political ideals like capitalism and socialism were a better alternative for the United States.

Since the depression cause many budget cuts, schools had to layoff many professors and had to cut out a lot of after school activities like sports. The traditional sports were later reinstalled during prosperous times.

School life was affected, but many parts of it didn't change. Homecoming and other dances did not change. Certain clubs, especially religious clubs, prospered instead of fall during this era because people were looking for ways to keep their faith up, like the World Student Christian Federation.

Students writing materials were inkwells, pencils, and colored chalk.

For lunch students walked home for lunch and then came back or each their own lunches that they brought.

Each child had to buy their own textbooks each year no free books.

Report cards grades where A, B, C, D or F and 75% was failure. They also had homework.

Entertainment

Student Lifestyle

Student Problems

Music

Sports

Swing Jazz

Baseball

  • 40% of women earned a minimal of a bachelor's degree.
  • Getting/being pregnant would result in expulsion.
  • Women dominated among the high school graduates
  • Women were granted the title of a degree in 1921

The 1920s set a field for college being viewed as a stepping stone for both women and men in the 1930s.

  • Music originated in New Orleans
  • Emerged as a dominant form in American Music
  • Exploded with musicians such as Duke Ellington and brass player Louis Armstrong
  • In result of the Great Depression, "Swing Jazz" lifted the spirits of everyone in America.
  • Special dances, style of dress and even slang.

Women

Education

Football

  • Major league had 18 teams and sold more than 83 million tickets in the 1930s.
  • The New York Yankees were the best team of 1930s they won five world series titles.
  • Famous players were Lou Gehrig, Joe Dimaggio and Babe Ruth.
  • Most popular sport

  • The National Football League (NFL) first college football draft in 1936. College players could go to chose their own team.
  • Professional football player quarterback player Sammy Baugh, first person to use forward pass in an offense scheme, started in 1937.

  • New sport in the beginning of the 1930s, in pro level.
  • The first pro league The American no longer existed in 1931.
  • The National Basketball League arrived in the middle of the 1930s.

Blues

Each state schools were different state from state. Attending schools wasn't mandatory and about half of all of the children who had to attend school did not.

The schools were one-room schoolhouses and in the winter it was heated by a wood or coal stove. It was overpopulated by many different grades. The students desks were attached to one another and in the floors.

Some children had to take jobs and leave school to help support the family their ages were 16 and 17 when they dropped out, but sometimes they were younger. During the Depression, some schools were closed because they were underfunded.

Basketball

Schools

  • Developed from African American slave songs.
  • Led an introduction to "Race Records".
  • Originated from the Western African culture
  • Great Depression nearly destroyed the record industry altogether.

School Life

Films/Theater

Sports

Horse Racing

Many significant films were made in this time period. Even with the the Great depression in the 1930s

It was the beginning of the Golden Age Period of Hollywood.

Literature

  • In the 1930s 15 U.S. states legalize horse racing then it raised to 21.
  • Three horses (Gallant Fox, Omaha and War Admiral) won Triple Crown in that decade.
  • War admiral gained even more fame when he lost the match race to Seabiscuit in 1938 in Pimlico. Less- well bred Seabiscuit became a national symbol of strength for the recovering nation.

  • It was a huge sport, it brought the purchase of the radio because everyone wanted to hear about the big fight.
  • The person who had won the champion belt was the most famous athlete in the world in the 1930s
  • Max Schmeling, Max Baer and James Braddock held titles in the 1930s until African-American Joe Louis claimed it in 1937 and held it until 1949.

Boxing

Dominate five major studios

  • 20th century fox (1935)
  • MGM ( metro-Goldwyn Mayer)
  • Paramount
  • Warner Bros.
  • RKO Radio

Many of the fascinating books available to us now were developed and created in the 1930s.

They had a popularity of a movies. The famous universal horror films that were highly successful during the time period were Swashbuckling Adventures and the Safes Scares.

Popular Athletes

  • The Cat that went to Heaven (1930) was a children's book about a poor man in Japan that has a cat as a companion.

  • The Hobbit (1937)

  • The Grapes of Wrath (1939) was a book set in this time period of Depression, where a family of farmers were driven out of their home because of drought.

  • Of Mice of Men (1939)

Joe Louis

Joe DiMaggio

Max Schmeling

War Admiral

1936

The shopping cart is invented by Slvan Goldman, a grocer

1937

Kraft's Macaroni & Cheese/Kraft Dinner debuts

1938

Nescafé launches instant coffee on the market

Food

Films/Theater

Celebrities

Motion picture production code were the guidelines that the government used to produce most of the U.S motion pictures he well known one was called Hays Code. It was a way to create censorship to Hollywood films.

Food Eaten Regularly

Soup Kitchens & Penny Restaurants

  • ran/funded by charitable organizations
  • soup - economical, cooked with whatever on hand, can be stretched to feed more by adding liquid, simple to cook, easy to serve, minimal clean-up
  • bread - long history of fulfilling during famished tumes
  • others foods were donated, more fortunate people grew "charity gardens"
  • 1 cent soup, cracket wheat, cornmeal, bread pudding, etc.

Most films were black and white, but it was the decade of sound and color advance of the “talkies movies”. Further development of films genres were created. It was the end of the silent period.

1930

Family Dinners

Birds Eye introduces first frozen foods in supermarkets including fish, peas, & spinach

  • Feb. - oysters, fruit, Washington pie, roast beef, etc.
  • Apr. - cheese souffles, rhubarb Betty, pork chops, chili sauce, banana pudding, etc.
  • July - potato salad, peaches& cream, ice coffee/tea/chocolate, fried/broiled chicken, strawberry ice cream, beef on toast, etc.
  • Oct. - spinach, biscuits, lemon pie, cream of vegetable soup, roast chicken, mashed potatoes, peanut-brittle ice cream

Snickers candy bar is launched by Mars

Twinkies are invented

Famous Actors:

  • Clark Gable
  • Bette Davis
  • C. Aubrey Smith
  • John Wayne
  • Myrna Loy
  • Guy Kibbee
  • Boris Karloff
  • Joan Blondell
  • Ginger Rogers
  • Lewis Stone

1934

Movies in the 1930s

  • Gone the wind (1939)
  • The wizard of Oz (1939)
  • Frankenstein (1931)
  • Snow white and the Seven dwarfs (1937)
  • Dracula (1931)
  • King Kong (1933)
  • Hell’s Angels (1930)

RITZ crackers are introduced by Nabisco

Culture/Lifestyle

The first three color film was Walt Disney animated talkie of Flowers and Trees in 1932 , then the next year released the colorful animation of the Three Little Pigs in (1933)

  • Ben Nighthorse Campbell: 1st Native American to serve in U.S. Senate

  • Joe BiMaggio: famous baseball player who won two battling championships and 3 M.V.P. awards

  • Nanette Febray: singer & comedian actress in Broadway musicals

  • Louis Armstrong: African American jazz musician

  • Al Capone: gangster, owned notorious soup shop

  • Charlie Chaplin: famous actor

  • Henry Ford: car manufacturer, first to use assembly lines

  • Warren Harding: 29th U.S. President

  • Herbert Hoover: 31st U.S. President

Men

Fashion

Suits:

More square shoulder pads and wide shoulders and sleeves were reduced of thickness toward the wrist. Had long peaked lapels with up to eight buttons to show elegance in the the jackets. Later in the year the sleeves became thicker and the shoulders heavily padded. Zippers started to become the cheaper alternative to replace buttons.

Popular Fabrics:Wool Flannel,tweeds and linens

Colors: black,steel,gray, brown, beige and navy

Undergarments:

Loose underpants and a vest. The boxer and briefs became popular with an elastic waist that replaced buttons.

Shoes:

Wore black, brown and tan leather.Brogues were popular shoes at that time.

Accessories:

Handkerchiefs,scarves, leather gloves and rolled umbrellas,fedoras, and homburg

Did Not have beards but did have short mustaches and considered popular

Women

Bottoms:

midi length skirts and wore natural waistline

sometimes skirts had a high-low

Shoes:

classic pumps

sling-back heels

peep toes

sandals and evening wear shoes

Dresses:

had shapely lines and showed the female figure

emphasized the shoulders (butterfly sleeves and puffed sleeves or angular shoulders)

that gave an illusion of a smaller waist.

later in the decade had a high neckline with an emphasized open back.

Accessories:

They wore nylons for the shorter dresses and skirts

Gloves to elbow length and matched them with their purses

Wore red or wine-hued lips and lot of mascara.

Tops:

Fluttery and puffed sleeves

form-fitting sweaters

boleros and clutch coats

Religion

  • Believed they were the most authentic Americans and had cultural dominance.
  • Growing population wise.
  • leading Protestant denominations.

Protestant

  • Professing belief in Jesus as Christ and following the teachings of Jesus.
  • Churches were most needed during the Great Depression.
  • Being dominated by the Protestants

Christianity

  • Ku Klux Klan played a major role in attempting to destroy the religion.
  • "Irish Catholics", profoundly reshaped America
  • Belief in Protestant and Christian belief but included worshiping of Mary and engaging purgatory.

Catholics

Technology

Transportation

Air Transportation

  • Imperial Airways & Companies in Association
  • American Airlines is established
  • Douglas DC-2, DC-3

Cars

  • Ford Model A, early 30s
  • The Graf-Zeppelin
  • Ford Model B Deluxe Tudor Sedan, 1932

Inventions

Roads

ROUTE-66

Phillips 66 service station sign

Other Transportation

  • Scotch tape, patented by 3M engineer, Richard G. Drew
  • First Indiana State Police motorcycles, 1937

Bridgeport, OK, 1932 -Pavement from Route 66

  • Ford Model AA, Stake Bed Truck, 1931

U.S. 66 Route Marker, 1930s

  • Polaroid photography invented by Edwin Herbert Land
  • Diesel Trains
  • 36-passenger Dodge school bus, 1936
  • Drive-in movie theater prototyped by Richard Mollingshead in his driveway
  • Hoover Wagons/Horse carriages
  • Nescafe/freeze-dried coffee is invented
  • First successful helicopter invented by Igor Sikorsky

Communication

  • For Radios it was like golden age, about 12 million Americans owned a radio and it was a common center piece for the living room for American families.

  • Payphones (invented 1889) were popular form of communicating and in 1930s it was only 5-10 cents that were needed to make a call.

  • Telephones were considered a luxury in this decade and they included a round dial.

  • Newspapers were more subjective and included many updates on how the economy was going.

THEN - The 1930s

Mario Bautista, Alex Chavez, Yenmy Cordova, Donovan Hernandez, Makaila Potlow, Monica Pulido, Becky Yang, & Jason Yang

2nd Hour - American Literature - 02/14/14

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