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Seabiscuit
During the 1930s, lots of Americans desperately wanted to get away from the reality of the Great Depression. What was once the land of opportunity was at that time the land of desperation. What was once the land of hope and optimism had become the land of despair. This is where " Seabiscuit" comes into play. Seabiscuit had become a national obsession which took over three years to kick in. Thousands of people came and crowded the stands just to witness him workout.The public loved Seabiscuit, it gave them hope in America , hope that was longed for through this Great Depression.
During the 1930s, the Great Depression took place, leaving millions homeless and unemployed. Hoover was elected president at the time, but only made things worse.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt soon took office and then created the New Deal, protecting millions of suffering Americans.
1940: Male: 60.8, Female: 65.2
1935: Male: 59.9, Female: 63.9
1930: Male: 58.1, Female: 61.6
$1,170 = $15,329
- 1930: 123,076,741 to 1939: 130,879,718
$480 = $6,289
$7,543 = $98,828
- Late 1930s (1939): WWII Begins (Holocaust Event involving Hitler)
- Isolationism: the policy of isolating one’s country from the affairs of other nations by declining to enter alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc., seeking to devote the entire efforts of one’s country to its own advancement and remain at peace by avoiding entanglements and responsibilities
- The Wagner Act (1935): guaranteed covered workers the right to organize and join labor movements, to choose representatives and bargain collectively, and to strike
- Walsh-Healy Act (1936): stated that workers must be paid not less than the “prevailing minimum wage” normally paid in a locality; restricted regular working hours to 8 hours a day and 40 hours a week, time-and-a-half pay for additional hours; prohibited employment of convicts and children under 18; established sanitation and safety standards
Many immigrants from this time were refugees who were trying to escape Nazi persecution.
Millions of Mexican immigrants were deported because of economic purposes and because many Americans felt that they were the cause of job loss.
Due to the dust bowl, many American farmers migrated from the East to the West in search for agricultural work.
- Neutrality Act of 1937: U.S. citizens are forbidden from traveling on belligerent ships, and American merchant ships were prevented from transporting arms to belligerents even if those arms were produced outside of the U.S.
Bonnie and Clyde had their crime spree during the Great Depression. Using the anti-government feeling that people had, they were involved in many robberies.
Al Capone cemented his reputation during this time period. He was involved in many suspicious murders and was known as Public Enemy Number One. He was involved with the illegal making and distribution of alcohol.
John Dillinger was a famous bank robber during this time. After being released for his first robbery, he formed a gang and robbed many banks during his lifetime. He became well known because he didn't stay locked up for long.
- 13 – 15 million workers had no jobs
- Roosevelt created large-scale temporary jobs program during 1933-1934
o Civil Works Administration: Employed more than 4 million men and women at jobs from buildings to creating art
o Works Progress Administration: employed 8.5 million people spending $11 billion as it transformed the national infrastructure
Clothing for poor
Landmark programs in art, music, theater, and writing
Because of the Federal Reserve, our currency is worth 3% more today than it was in
1913
In 1993, gold was not allowed to be used as money
because Roosevelt declared that gold had to
be $35 per ounce.
The U.S dollar was over twentieth of an ounce of gold from 1792 to 1933, and was able to be redeemed by gold.
Transportation to school was walking, they had no transportation and sometimes the nearest school was about 25 miles away.
Any disciplinary problems were handled by the teachers. They use to cane them. School where also segregated.
Dress code: Girls wore dresses and boys sometimes wore overalls.
Subjects:
Math, English or spelling, art ,civics and geography sometimes sewing.
The children had to read famous Dick and Jane introduced in 1931. They had sport teams and physical education classes.
A movement began during the 1930's where many students known as "leftists" believed that other political ideals like capitalism and socialism were a better alternative for the United States.
Since the depression cause many budget cuts, schools had to layoff many professors and had to cut out a lot of after school activities like sports. The traditional sports were later reinstalled during prosperous times.
School life was affected, but many parts of it didn't change. Homecoming and other dances did not change. Certain clubs, especially religious clubs, prospered instead of fall during this era because people were looking for ways to keep their faith up, like the World Student Christian Federation.
Students writing materials were inkwells, pencils, and colored chalk.
For lunch students walked home for lunch and then came back or each their own lunches that they brought.
Each child had to buy their own textbooks each year no free books.
Report cards grades where A, B, C, D or F and 75% was failure. They also had homework.
Student Lifestyle
The 1920s set a field for college being viewed as a stepping stone for both women and men in the 1930s.
Each state schools were different state from state. Attending schools wasn't mandatory and about half of all of the children who had to attend school did not.
The schools were one-room schoolhouses and in the winter it was heated by a wood or coal stove. It was overpopulated by many different grades. The students desks were attached to one another and in the floors.
Some children had to take jobs and leave school to help support the family their ages were 16 and 17 when they dropped out, but sometimes they were younger. During the Depression, some schools were closed because they were underfunded.
Schools
Films/Theater
Many of the fascinating books available to us now were developed and created in the 1930s.
Joe Louis
Joe DiMaggio
Max Schmeling
War Admiral
The shopping cart is invented by Slvan Goldman, a grocer
Kraft's Macaroni & Cheese/Kraft Dinner debuts
Nescafé launches instant coffee on the market
Motion picture production code were the guidelines that the government used to produce most of the U.S motion pictures he well known one was called Hays Code. It was a way to create censorship to Hollywood films.
Most films were black and white, but it was the decade of sound and color advance of the “talkies movies”. Further development of films genres were created. It was the end of the silent period.
Birds Eye introduces first frozen foods in supermarkets including fish, peas, & spinach
Snickers candy bar is launched by Mars
Twinkies are invented
Famous Actors:
Movies in the 1930s
RITZ crackers are introduced by Nabisco
The first three color film was Walt Disney animated talkie of Flowers and Trees in 1932 , then the next year released the colorful animation of the Three Little Pigs in (1933)
Fashion
Suits:
More square shoulder pads and wide shoulders and sleeves were reduced of thickness toward the wrist. Had long peaked lapels with up to eight buttons to show elegance in the the jackets. Later in the year the sleeves became thicker and the shoulders heavily padded. Zippers started to become the cheaper alternative to replace buttons.
Popular Fabrics:Wool Flannel,tweeds and linens
Colors: black,steel,gray, brown, beige and navy
Undergarments:
Loose underpants and a vest. The boxer and briefs became popular with an elastic waist that replaced buttons.
Shoes:
Wore black, brown and tan leather.Brogues were popular shoes at that time.
Accessories:
Handkerchiefs,scarves, leather gloves and rolled umbrellas,fedoras, and homburg
Did Not have beards but did have short mustaches and considered popular
Bottoms:
midi length skirts and wore natural waistline
sometimes skirts had a high-low
Shoes:
classic pumps
sling-back heels
peep toes
sandals and evening wear shoes
Dresses:
had shapely lines and showed the female figure
emphasized the shoulders (butterfly sleeves and puffed sleeves or angular shoulders)
that gave an illusion of a smaller waist.
later in the decade had a high neckline with an emphasized open back.
Accessories:
They wore nylons for the shorter dresses and skirts
Gloves to elbow length and matched them with their purses
Wore red or wine-hued lips and lot of mascara.
Tops:
Fluttery and puffed sleeves
form-fitting sweaters
boleros and clutch coats
Phillips 66 service station sign
Bridgeport, OK, 1932 -Pavement from Route 66
U.S. 66 Route Marker, 1930s
2nd Hour - American Literature - 02/14/14