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clavicipitaceous Endophyte
Transcript
Samim Noori
clavicipitaceous Endophyte
General information
Clavicipitaceae is a family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. It consists of 43 genera, and 321 species.All of the Clavicipitaceae are either parasitic or live as endophytes on plants. They are characterized by their long filamentous ascospores and by asci with a dome-shaped apex and a distinct pore.
Sources:
-http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutterkornpilzverwandte
-http://www.mycolog.com/Clavicipitaceae.htm
-http://www.studiesinmycology.org/
content/57/1/5.full.pdf
-http://website.nbm-mnb.ca/mycologywebpages/NaturalHistoryOfFungi/Clavicipitaceae.html
-http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-
S0168952510002118-gr1.jpg
-http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17555990
Representative species of Cordyceps and its allies in Clavicipitaceae
Clavicipitaceae Phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates that the taxon, Clavicipitaceae, is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (Hypocreaceae). The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal group spans mutualistic plant symbionts as well as parasites of plants, insects, and other fungi.
clavicipitaceae
Claviceps purpurea
Significance
Many of its members produce alkaloids toxic to animals and humans. One of its most infamous species is Claviceps purpurea , which has historical significance as the cause of St. Anthony's Fire, also known as ergotism.
Vascular (blood-vessel) constriction may lead to gangrene, especially in the extremities, including loss of the affected parts. Hallucinations and sometimes psychoses may also occur. Ergotism, associated with the consumption of infected cereal grains, especially rye, has been known for centuries but is now rare because the disease it causes in plants is better controlled.
Humans are also susceptible to these toxins and can become seriously ill or even die from ingesting them. The symptoms (ergotism), include muscle seizures, vomiting, diarrhea, and a burning sensation that led to the disease being called St. Anthony's Fire.
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