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Why do we segregate ideas in society?

Why do we fear radical ends of debates?

http://study.com/academy/lesson/binary-oppositions-in-literature-list-of-examples.html

Restricted Intelligence

Conformity

Nonconformity/ Society vs. the Individual

Conformity:

"Surely you remember the boy in your own school class who was exceptionally ‘bright,’ did most of the reciting and answering while the others sat like so many leaden idols, hating him. And wasn’t it this bright boy you selected for beatings and tortures after hours? Of course it was. We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitution says, but everyone made equal. Each man the image of every other; then all are happy, for there are no mountains to make them cower, to judge themselves against."

"So! A book is a loaded gun in the house next door. Burn it. Take the shot from the weapon."

"There was no longer need of firemen for the old purposes. They were given the new job, as custodians of our peace of mind, the focus of our understandable and rightful dread of being inferior. Coloured people don’t like Little Black Sambo. Burn it. White people don’t feel good about Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Burn it. "

Nonconformity/ Society vs. the Individual:

"Montag’s hand closed like a mouth, crushed the book with wild devotion.

The men above were hurling shovelfuls of magazines into the dusty air. Theyfell like slaughtered birds and the woman stood below, like a small girl, among the bodies.

Montag had done nothing. His hand had done it all, his hand, with a brain of its own, with a conscience and a curiosity in each trembling finger, had turned thief.. Now, it plunged the book back under his arm

He gazed, shaken, at that white hand. He held it way out, as if he were far-sighted. He held it close, as if he were blind."

---------------------

“She won’t come.”

“Force her, then!”

“You can come with me.”

“No,” she said. “Thank you, anyway.”

The woman replied quietly, “I want to stay here”

She opened the fingers of one hand slightly and in the palm of the hand was a single slender object.

An ordinary kitchen match.

Why do the characters in Dystopian Literature Rebel/ How do they win over others?

Assignment Recap:

GREAT JOB GUYS!

-Oppositions to:

  • Body Conformity and Laws
  • Technology
  • Religion and Authority
  • Academic Success Being a Life Determinant
  • Dogs

The Repulsion of Fear: Banning Books

Animal Farm

Why do you think this book

would be banned/ opposed?

Why is it Banned?

  • Violence or Negativity
  • Political Bias
  • NY, 1963- Banned because Orwell was a Communist
  • Russia, 1977- Banned from the International Book Fair
  • FL, 1988- Denies Constitutional Rights

Excerpts:

THE LAW/ AUTHORITY:

"Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. And remember also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to resemble him. Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. No animal must ever live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear clothes, or drink alcohol, or smoke tobacco, or touch money, or engage in trade. All the habits of Man are evil. And, above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal."

NONCONFORMITY/ VIOLENCE/ POLITICAL BIAS:

ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL

BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS

After that it did not seem strange when next day the pigs who were supervising the work of the farm all carried whips in their trotters. It did not seem strange to learn that the pigs had bought themselves a wireless set, were arranging to install a telephone, and had taken out subscriptions to John Bull, TitBits, and the Daily Mirror. It did not seem strange when Napoleon was seen strolling in the farmhouse garden with a pipe in his mouth—no, not even when the pigs took Mr. Jones's clothes out of the wardrobes and put them on, Napoleon himself appearing in a black coat, ratcatcher breeches, and leather leggings, while his favourite sow appeared in the watered silk dress which Mrs. Jones had been used to wear on Sundays.

Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.

Assignment:

Either:

Write a letter to the Editor explaining why TKAM should be banned from the public library. Give evidence for what elements make it oppositional.

Write a letter expressing gratitude that TKAM is available at the library. Explain the elements which make it controversial, but informative.

"Somewhere in America"

"Don't Stay in School."

Logocentrism and Rebellion

Binary Opposition...What is it?

Common Literary Opposites

How do these Binaries Affect Society?

What is Binary Opposition, Voldy?

Well Harry, That's when 2 terms with Opposite meaning CANNOT exist together at the same moment in time

For Example:

Hot and Cold

Ying and Yang

Good and Evil

Healthy and Sick

Black and White

Antithesis: rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. Polar Opposites (Exact Wording)

  • “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief,
  • “Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heav’n.””
  • Man/ Woman
  • Black/ White
  • Self/ Society
  • Mind/ Matter
  • Nature/ Nurture

Beginning- 2:02

Juxtaposition: places a person, concept, place, idea or theme parallel to another. highlights the contrast between the two and compare them. Dissimilar

  • A woman giving birth on a battle field in the middle of a war

What problems might we face when we categorize?

Conclusion

Logocentrism:

Are Binaries Even Real?

Problems with Binary Thinking

"a philosophy holding that all forms of thought are based on an external point of reference which is held to exist and given a certain degree of authority."

Makes us place people into categories and alienate those that are different

Intelligence vs. Nonintelligence

  • No intelligence gene
  • We have a gene that makes us seek out and FIND intelligence

Rebellion as a Means of Fear

Vicarious Living

  • Parents feel more deeply about their children (Flu Shot)
  • Shadenfreude->
  • joy in suffering
  • First World vs. Third World->
  • based on economic standing, yet a poor person can live in a First world, and a rich person in the third- where such a binary falls apart
  • Terrorist vs. Non Terrorist->
  • an Iraqi man fighting for his country perceives himself as a patriot, we perceive him as a terrorist

Hen Hon Han

  • Male, Female, Transgender

This is why we pick sides in Literature and in Life!

Because we fear the radically opposite

world view we rebel by challenging the form or rejection of opposing sides

TKAM

Use court scene w/ Atticus

act out scene

Rebellion: Challenging the Form

Dystopian Literature: Exemplification of Binary Theory

Elements of Dystopian Literature

Social Psychology/

Dystopian Rebellion

Divergent

1. Defy Authority

  • Jeanine vs. Tris
  • Tris vs. Dauntless

2. Taking Responsibility

  • Works out at Night

3. Reduce Distance

  • Gravitates towards others

4. Defy from the Beginning

  • "But you don't want that, do you?"
  • The test
  • Looks at Spoon- Vanity

5. Call by Names

  • Call by name instead of by Faction

6. Be your own ally

  • The Progression of Technology
  • Class Distinctions
  • Loss of Freedom
  • Great Authority
  • Conformity
  • Repression of Intelligence

Nonconformity:

Factionless, Dauntless

Conformity:

Factions:

Erudite, Amity, Candor, Dauntless, Abnegation,

The Hunger Games

Restricted Thinking

Restricted Thinking:

IT WAS A PLEASURE TO BURN. IT was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. With his symbolic helmet numbered 451 on his stolid head, and his eyes all orange flame with the thought of what came next, he flicked the igniter and the house jumped up in a gorging fire that burned the evening sky red and yellow and black.

Opposition in Word Connotation

Opposition in the way Literature is written

  • Adult Novels weave plot over memories to make the book more interesting and difficult to digest

  • YA Novels start with overarching plot exposition

“All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.”

― George Orwell, Animal Farm

Fahrenheit 451

Opposition in Literature by way of Social Movements

Rue's Death Scene: A Social Movement Beginning (And the lack of Responsibility Transfer)

Those who support the movement by showing the 3 fingers to Tris?

The one man who acts on the emotional death of Rue?

Defy Authority: Katniss goes through electric fences

Never transfers responsibility

Dehumanization- People are called by district number

DAY3:

Electric Shock Therapy

Deltas shocked when they reach for books and plants

forces them to stay near work in the City

Ford vs. God

assembly line development

must indulge all desires in order to keep industry

God prevents selfish indulgence

Social Norms:

"And opening an insulated door he showed them racks upon racks of numbered test tubes." -3

"...how the eggs were inspected for abnormalities." -3

-Bokanovsky -4

-"Embryos are like photographic film, they can only stand red light." 9

  • DYSTOPIAN TRAIT:
  • Science as a means to control society (Electric Shock Therapy) [3,9,20]
  • OPPOSITION:
  • Society vs. The Individual/ Happiness vs. Truth [247]
  • Ford vs. God [240]

The Savage

Isolation vs. Acculturation

Ways we Alienate

Is Acculturation Feasible?

Would that strip people of Identity?

Caste Systems

Do These Systems ever really work?

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon

What about some real world examples?

Activity

Society vs. The Individual

Guy Montague vs. Society

Create your own Dystopia using the common traits of this literature discussed in class

Explain how your restraints on the society could cause rebellion and opposition in society

Science/ Technology

as a means of Societal Control

Good or Bad?

What about Technology Today?

Happiness vs. Truth

Monogamy vs. Non Emotional Orgies vs. Sex Conditioning

Soma- dissolving into one whole

Death Conditioning

Parents vs. Manufacturing

Shakespeare and Social Instability vs. Social Stability

Binary in Literature

Binary Opposition in Harry Potter

  • Wizards vs. Muggles
  • Pure Bloods vs. Non-Pure Bloods
  • Harry vs. Voldemort

Hamlet

To Be or Not To Be...

Binary Opposition

2 Men: 1 Good, 1 Evil

Horrible Images -> Good and Evil Bound

"I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man;"

"...these polar twins should continuously be struggling. How, then, were they dissociated?”

“The most racking pangs succeeded: a grinding in the bones, deadly nausea, and a horror of the spirit that cannot be exceeded at the hour of birth or death."

Using positive Images -> Pure Evil

Justaposition

1 Man, Both Good and Evil

The Physical Separation of Good and Evil

"I saw that, of the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said to be either, it was only because I was radically both…"

"I felt younger, lighter, happier in body; within I was conscious of a heady recklessness, a current of disordered sensual images running like a millrace in my fancy, a solution of the bonds of obligation, an unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul. I knew myself, at the first breath of this new life, to be more wicked, tenfold more wicked.”

Antithesis:

"...and he just could walk steadfastly and securely on his upward path, doing the good things in which he found his pleasure, and no longer exposed to disgrace and penitence by the hands of this extraneous evil."

To Live or to Die

“O, that this too too solid flesh would melt / Thaw and resolve itself into a dew!

  • Solid and Melt, Flesh and Thaw
  • Physical world that stands and one that evaporates

Hamlet’s desire to kill himself in opposition to the canon, or law of God who prohibits such an action

  • Kill Himself/ Law of God

What are these examples of?

0:49

To Kill A Mockingbird

Symbolism

Banned Books:

Banned Books on Controversial Topics: Slavery

MN, 1977- Banned due to “whore lady” and “damn”

NY, 1980- Filthy and Trashy

IN, 1981- Instill psychological damage to the positive integration process

MO, 1985- Profanity and Racial Slurs

MS, 1996- Conflicted with the values of the community

IL, 2003- Degrading to African Americans

The Social Psychology Behind To Kill a Mockingbird

How humanization (and the opposition of perspectives) dismantles a group

THE TRIAL:

Scout

Jem

Atticus

Bob Ewell

Tate

Judge

Gilmer

Mayella Ewell

Tom Robinson

Lie:

Mayella asked Tom to bust up a chiffarobe for her for a nickel. Tom then jumped on her and started sexual activities. Mayella started screaming. Bob Ewell came then and ran Tom off his property. The Sheriff then came and saw her pretty badly beat up.

Truth:

Mayella asked Tom to bust up a chiffarobe. Mayella then began hugging and kissing Tom. Tom left running as Bob Ewell yelled in the window.

While reading try to think about...

*Why this book has been banned

* Any Binary Oppositions Present

Common cause for banning books:

Racial Issues: About encouraging racism

Encouragement of "Damaging" Lifestyles: Content of book encourages lifestyle choices that could be considered dangerous

Blasphemous Dialogue: uses words such as "God" or "Jesus" as profanity.

Sexual Situations or Dialog: include sexual situations

Violence or Negativity: violent books are often banned or censored. Some also deemed too negative or depressing

Presence of Witchcraft: include magic or witchcraft themes

Religious Affiliations (unpopular religions): due to unpopular religious views or opinions. most commonly related to satanic or witchcraft themes Or any books that might not coincide with the public view.

Political Bias: support extreme political parties/philosophies such as: fascism, communism, anarchism, etc.

Age Inappropriate: the age level at which they are aimed.

How could these controversies

be considered evil?

Mortality Salience

Banned children's Books

Common Banned Books:

What is it?

Post-Trauma/Preventative

Where the wild things are:

-A boy who throws tantrums is

is considered too dark and dangerous

Green eggs and ham:

-A portrayal of early marxism

The Bible: Ethiopia

Brave New World: Australia

Animal Farm: Loads of Places

1984: USSR

Harry Potter

http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/books/a-history-of-banned-books

Actions or visuals that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it

Must have 2 meanings

- Surface level

- Underlying (open to interpretation)

"All human action is taken to ignore or avoid the anxiety generated by the inevitability of death. The idea of death, the fear of it, haunts the human animal like nothing else; it is a mainspring of human activity- activity designed to avoid the fatality of death, to overcome it by denying in some way that it is the final destiny for man."

-Ernest Becker

Why do things have meaning?

Persecution/Separation

Well, things have meaning because we give them meaning.

Sensation & Perception

Sensation- how the brain reacts to a stimulus

Perception- how the brain classifies and makes use of the stimulus

Sensation is recognizing that there are colors and shapes that are coming from the screen. Perception is categorizing it as two sentences, written in English, and a yellow font color.

Binary Opposition as Seen Through Media

Movement Symbols

History of Symbolism

Star Wars

The Light and the Dark Side

  • Cave drawings
  • Papyrus (Mesopotamia)
  • Egyptian tombs, statues, gods
  • All of Egypt, pretty much.....
  • Religious representation
  • Post-Trauma/Preventative
  • Persecution/Separation
  • Movements

More binaries... yay?

The Light Side

The Dark Side

Assignment

What defines each side and why do we have them?

Factors in why perceive certain things to have meaning

Mindfulness in Star Wars

The Jedi focus on the light side of the force through mindfulness. They live in the present moment, accept it for what it is, and try to find balance. The dark side is about avoidance and not accepting things for how they are, thus thirsting for absolute power.

Individualist vs. Collectivist

The individualistic society will symbolize personal characteristics that are pivotal to the individual

The collectivist society will symbolize what surrounds the group, like landscapes or resources that allow everyone to survive

Culture

Religion

Opposition/ Racism/ Body Shaming:

Pick a movement or debate. Create a symbol from one viewpoint of the issue and explain, in 1-2 pages, why the symbol you've created is an effective one. Elaborate on the shapes and colors and the message they represent. Do not use a preexisting symbol. You must create your own.

What do we aim to preserve?

We use symbols in order to preserve the nature of a group or institution.

Preservation

Names: Tracy Turnblad vs. Link Larkin

Tracy Turnblad:

  • The overweight, proud, protagonist
  • "Actually, that might be my favorite part of the film. While Tracy's weight is used as a target for everyone who dislikes her, and she never denies that she's heavy, she genuinely doesn't seem to care. She likes herself. And for a teenage female protagonist that is ridiculously huge."

Racism:

Modern World Religions

Binary in Media/Spoken Word:

Body Shaming/ Racism:

Racism

  • "But what happens in the narrative is that a white girl shows up at an event with hundreds, maybe thousands, of black people, and the media only pay attention to this one white girl. One."

We are all going to die

Immortality

Opposition to Vaccines :

HAIRSPRAY!

  • In fact, the manhunt for Tracy and her competing in

Miss Teenage Hairspray massively overpowers the actual story here: that Baltimore is enforcing segregation laws and that there was a huge protest, and hey, maybe the black community has something to say here?

Contrasts...

  • Banned Books vs. Gun Laws
  • Banned Books vs. KKK
  • Talking about rape in school
  • Industrialization to hide the past
  • Poverty vs. Luxury
  • Body Image
  • Sexual Abuse

http://www.kissmywonderwoman.com/2014/01/its-about-accepting-yourself-and-also.html

What we DONT Learn...

What we DO Learn...

  • How
  • to dissect a frog
  • Shakespeare
  • Isotopes
  • Mitochondria
  • Old American West
  • Henry VIII
  • Light Wavelengths
  • Rocks
  • Cursive
  • Quadratic Equation
  • Prime Numbers
  • Hippocratic Medicine
  • Mental Math
  • Abstinence
  • HOW
  • to get a job
  • to pay tax
  • to vote
  • to look after health
  • to trade stocks
  • to budget and disburse earnings
  • to perform First Aid
  • to recognize mental disorders
  • to buy a house
  • to raise a child
  • to make policies change
  • Current Events
  • Laws
  • Human Rights
  • Cost to raise a kid
  • Affidavits
  • Practical Medicines
  • Domestic Abuse
  • Second Language

National Anthem

2:39-3:39

All You Need is Love

Any national anthem shows unity to the respective country. It unites the people. They're the first example of how a song can unite a mass of people

All You Need is Love, which was recorded by The Beatles, and it was the first song to be globally broadcasted live to millions of people.

56:50

We Are the World

Written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie (but mainly Michael's genius)

2 Versions:

- for Africa

(Ethiopia)

-for Haiti

Expressive Representation of Opposition

Jessica Watson & Rebecca Krewina

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