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- His full name was José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda.
- He was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861.
- He was seventh of 11 children.
- His parents were prosperous farmers who were granted lease of a hacienda and an accompanying rice farm by the Dominicans.
- His siblings were Saturnina (Neneng) (1850–1913), Paciano (1851–1930), Narcisa (Sisa) (1852–1939), Olympia (1855–1887), Lucia (1857–1919), María (Biang) (1859–1945), Concepción (Concha) (1862–1865), Josefa (Panggoy) (1865–1945), Trinidad (Trining) (1868–1951) and Soledad (Choleng) (1870–1929).
- When he was four he wrote poems.
- His co-children always bullyed him because he has a big head and he was skinny. Despite all of that he never fight back. Instead of playing around with that bully children he studied at home and became top one in class.
- When he enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, Jose dropped his three last names because his brother Paciano adviced him.
- Despite the name change, José, as "Rizal" soon distinguished himself in poetry writing contests, impressing his professors with his facility with Castilian and other foreign languages, and later, in writing essays that were critical of the Spanish historical accounts of the pre-colonial Philippine societies.
- Rizal (who was then 16 years old) and a friend, Mariano Katigbak, came to visit Rizal's maternal grandmother in Tondo, Manila.
- They met because Mariano brought Segunda Katigbak, a 14-year old Batangueña from Lipa, Batangas.
- Rizal described her as a "rather short, with eyes that were eloquent and ardent at times and languid at others, rosy–cheeked, with an enchanting and provocative smile that revealed very beautiful teeth, and the air of a sylph; her entire self diffused a mysterious charm."
- Segunda Katigbak was Rizal's first love.
- Katigbak was engaged to Manuel Luz.
- Rizal first studied under Justiniano Aquino Cruz in Biñan, Laguna before he was sent to Manila.
- This were the schools that Rizal entered;
- Since kid Rizal wanted a good education so when he was exiled in Dapitan, he established a school which existed until the end of his exile in July 1896.
- It began with three pupils but soon it increased to 16 and later 21. In his letter to Blumentritt on March 13, Rizal said that he had 16 pupils in his school and these pupils did not pay any tuition. Instead of charging them, he made them work in his garden, fields and construction projects in the community.
- Rizal taught this boys reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English), geography, history, mathematics arithmetic and geometry), industrial work, nature study, morals and gymnastics. He trained them how to collect specimens of plants and animals, to love work, and to "behave like men".
- "Rizal's fame as a novelist rests on his two published novels -- Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. They portray the miserable conditions of our country under Spanish rule -- the brutalities of Spanish officials and sufferings of our oppressed people.
- Our patriots were inspired in 1896 to rise in arms against Spain and fight for our freedom. Rizal tried to write a third novel.
- He began writing his third novel in October, 1891, during his sea voyage from Marseilles to Hong Kong.
- The hero of Rizal's unfinished third novel was "Kamandagan", a descendant of Lakan Dula, last Filipino king of Tondo. "Kamandagan" planned to overthrow Spanish rule and regain the lost freedom of our people.
- Rizal accomplishments as a scientist are not well publicized.
- Rizal the social scientist and political reformer because he believed that knowledge should be used for enlightenment and liberation and not for oppression.
- Even if he choose medicine, he never lost sight of his goal: to serve his people and liberate them from years of oppression and injustice by the Spaniards.
- RIZAL AS AN ENGINEER "Rizal was able to make several engineering works in Dapitan [although he did not study engineering in college].
- He proved to be a good engineer...because of his mastery of mathematics, his knowledge of surveying and his extensive reading of engineering books. Rizal's greatest achievement was the waterworks in Dapitan which he constructed in 1894.
- The flooring of this dam was made of bricks from the house roofs, held together by lime made from sea shells. The water flowed through bamboo pipes supported by rocks to the town, the town people were saved from epidemic caused by polluted water. With the help of his pupils and Father Sanchez, he was able to construct it, Dapitan came to have a clean water supply"
- Upon studying in the other country Rizal was inducted as a member of the Berlin Ethnological Society and the Berlin Anthropological Society under the patronage of the famous pathologist Rudolf Virchow.
- Paternal side
- Maternal side
- The Surname "Rizal"
- Arrest and trial
- Rizal in Dapitan
- Scientist
- Teacher
- Engineer
- Novelist
- Reformist
- Revolutionist
- Nationalist
- Jose Rizal(Rizal), our national hero, was one of the Filipinos who asked for reforms. These reforms will grant the ultimate dream of the reformists; assimilation. Filipinos will be given the rights that they deserve.
- Rizal choose to seek for reforms than to start a revolution because he knew that Philippines was not yet ready to stand on its own (during his time). Rizal used his liberal ideas in asking for reforms.
- Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino when he was still in Europe. This organization did not achieve its goal because the members have different interests.
- Rizal did not support the revolution for he believed that this will not make the Philippines a better country.
- Rizal’s life was devoted to his country (Philippines). His works and writings were evidence for his noble act as a reformist.
- Jose Rizal and his Nationalism-Jose Rizal was idealistic, who wants to free his countrymen from ignorance, exploitation and discrimination.
- He showed to his people their sufferings friars and civil authorities.
- The friars also enriched themselves not only by exhorting excessive fees for church services, but also by unjust acquisition of land estates.
- The government itself sees nothing, hears nothing, and decides nothing except what the parish priests makes it see, hear, and decide. And the civil guards do not protect the citizens like they supposed to but protect the interests of the friars and the Spaniards only.
- Rizal did not put the blame entirely on the religious and civil authorities; he also honestly showed the weaknesses and defects of the Filipinos. The people themselves, by their timidity, fear, and cowardice had shackled their minds and debased their souls.
- Jose Rizal as a revolutionary is obvious when re-reading his personal letters to other Filipinos and to Blumentritt. He states, fairly straight forward in fact, that the Propaganda was finished, and that action in the Philippines was the next step. In this he broke away from other Propagandists.
- From whence came this idea of Rizal not being a revolutionary? Obviously from a purposeful misreading of the Manifesto from his trial. The point that is rarely nuanced is, being against Bonifacio’s premature revolution (and premature it was) is not the same as being against a revolution.
- Following custom, he delivered an address in German in April 1887 before the Anthropological Society on the orthography and structure of the Tagalog language.
- At Heidelberg, the 25-year-old Rizal, completed in 1887 his eye specialization under the renowned professor, Otto Becker.
- He was an ophthalmologist, sculptor, painter, educator, farmer, historian, playwright and journalist. Besides poetry and creative writing, he dabbled, with varying degrees of expertise, in architecture, cartography, economics, ethnology, anthropology, sociology, dramatics, martial arts, fencing and pistol shooting.
19th Century
Early 18th Century
Late 17th Century
- Josephine was an Irish.
- They met in Rizal's clinic in Hong Kong because Josephine always accompanied her blind adoptive father, to have his eye checked by Rizal.
- After frequent visits, Rizal and Bracken soon fell in love with each other and later applied for marriage, but because of his bad reputation from his own writings and political stance, the local priest Father Obach, only agreed to the hold the ceremony if Rizal could get a permission from the Bishop of Cebu. He was unable to obtain an ecclesiastical marriage because he would not return to Catholicism.
- Josephine lived with Rizal in Dapitan and got married in civil.
- They have a son named Francísco Rizal y Bracken, who was stillborn and only lived for a few hours.
- Rizal arrested on July 6, 1892
- Rizal went back to Malacanang palace for the meeting with the Governor General.
- July 7, 1892 was the decree of deportation was published in the Gacenta de Manila.
- Rizal in Fort Santiago
- He stayed incommunicado at the Fort for eight days before he was banished to Dapitan.
- July 14 at 10:00 pm he was scheduled to leave the Fort.
- Ferrybout "Cebu" is kind of boat that would take him to Dapitan.
- General Ahumada was present at the past midnight where Rizal would board the ferryboat.
- 1:00 am the ferryboat left the port bound for Dapitan.
- Ricardo Carnicero was the one who report all the happenings to Rizal while he is exciled at Dapitan to their General.
- When he started his life an a exiled in Dapitan, he had his taste of good luck by winning a lottery.
- The money came at the right time for Rizal needed funds to start his life in Dapitan.
- He used the money to buy a piece of land in Dapitan.
- On January of 1893 Rizal moved to his own land and left Carnicero.
- On March of 1893 he the construction of his house completed.
- He was able to cultivate his land with 50 lansones trees, 20 mango trees, macopa trees, 50 lanka trees, santol trees, 18 mangosteen, coffee and cocoa seedlings. He also tendered some animals like chicken, rabbits, dogs and cats.
- Rizal became teacher to some poor children in Dapitan.
- He had 3 studnts at first, later on it increased to 21.
- Rizal taught them Spanish, english, math, and how to work.
- On August of 1893 his mother and sister Trinidad and his nephew arrived in Dapitan.
- He has the chance to operate his mother's eye.
- In 1890, Rizal, 29, left Paris for Brussels as he was preparing for the publication of his annotations of Antonio de Morga's "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas."
- There he had romance with Suzanne Till.
- The content of Rizal's writings changed considerably in his two most famous novels, Noli Me Tángere, published in Berlin in 1887, and El Filibusterismo, published in Ghent in 1891 with funds borrowed largely from Rizal's friends.
- Rizal became a leader of the reform movement of Filipino students in Spain.
- He contributed writings in a newspaper named La Solidaridad(in this case Rizal used a pen name, Dimasalang).
- His commentaries reiterate the following agenda.
- Rizal wrote an insulting article in "La Epoca" about Wenceslao Retana(a political commentator in Spain) and as a revenge Wenceslao insinuated that the family and friends of Rizal were ejected from their lands in Calamba. The incident (when Rizal was ten) stemmed from an accusation that Rizal's mother, Teodora, tried to poison the wife of a cousin. With the approval of the Church prelates, and without a hearing, she was ordered to prison in Santa Cruz in 1871.
- In 1887, Rizal wrote a petition on behalf of the tenants of Calamba They initiated a litigation which resulted in the Dominicans evicting them from their homes, including the Rizal family. General Valeriano Weyler had the buildings on the farm torn down.
Upon reading the article, Rizal sent immediately a representative to challenge Retana to a duel. The painful memories of his mother's treatment at the hands of the civil authorities explain his reaction. Retana published a public apology and later became one of Rizal's biggest admirers, writing Rizal's most important biography - Vida y Escritos del José Rizal.
- Leonor Rivera is thought to be the inspiration for the character of Maria Clara in Noli Me Tángere and El Filibusterismo.
- Rivera and Rizal first met in Manila when Rivera was only 14 years old.
- When Rizal left for Europe on May 3, 1882, Rivera was 16 years of age.
- They employed codes in their letters because Rivera's mother did not favor Rizal.
- A letter from Mariano Katigbak dated June 27, 1884 referred to Rivera as Rizal's "betrothed".
- Katigbak described Rivera as having been greatly affected by Rizal's departure, frequently sick because of insomnia.
- When Rizal returned to the Philippines on August 5, 1887, Rivera and her family had moved back to Dagupan, Pangasinan.
- Rizal was forbidden by his father Francisco Mercado to see Rivera in order to avoid putting the Rivera family in danger.
- Rizal wanted to marry Rivera.
- In 1888, Rizal stopped receiving letters from Rivera for a year, although Rizal kept sending letters to Rivera.
- Then soon Rizal recieved a news that Leonor was married to Henry Kipling(Railway Engineer) and it devastated Rizal.
- Because of Rizal's devastation his Europian Friends did everything to made Rizal happy.
Domingo Lam-co - a chinese immigrant from the Fukien City of Changchow. He is Rizal's great-great-grand father. He arrived in Manila about 1690. He married a Chinese Christian girl named Ines de la Rosa. Then soon changed their surname in 1731 as Mercado. It is because the Governor General made a list of a Spanish surnames and for those who lived in the Philippines that time will have to change their surname.
Francisco Mercado - on of Domingo and Ines, great-grandfather of Rizal. He married a Chinese-Filipino mestiza, Bernarda Monicha, and was elected Governadorcillo of Binan.
Juan Mercado - one of the son of Francisco and Cirila, grandfather of Rizal. He married Cirila Alejandro, a Chinese-Filipino mestiza. Like his father, he was elected as a Gobernadorcillo of Binan.
Francisco Mercado - father of Rizal. The youngest of thirteen children of Francisco and Cirila. At the age of eight he lost his father. He met and fall in love with Teodora Alonso Realonda in Manila while studying. They got married on June 28, 1848.
Lakandula - the last native king of Tondo. He is believed ancestor of Dona Teodora family.
Eugenio Ursua - Rizals great-great-grandfather from his mother side. He was of Japanese ancestry. He married a Filipina named Benigna Ochoa.
Regina Ursua - daughter of Eugenio and Benigna. She married Manuel de Quintos, a Filipino-Chinese lawyer from Pangasinan.
Brigida de Quintos - daughter of Regina and Manuel married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, a Spanish-Filipino mestizo of Binan; thier children were: Narcisa, Teodora, Gregorio, Manuel and Jose.
Mercado - the real surname of the Rizal family which was adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco the great-great-grandfather of Rizal.
Rizal - the second surname which was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor of Laguna, who was a family friend. In Spanish it means, "A field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again."