Nova Scotia 1850-1867

Bibliography

• Tattrie, Jon. “Nova Scotia and Confederation.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nova-scotia-and-confederation/.
• Beck, J. Murray. “Nova Scotia.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nova-scotia/.
• O'Grady, Brendan Anthony, and Barry Moody. “Nova Scotia.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 5 July 2017, www.britannica.com/place/Nova-Scotia.
• Smith, Ivan. “History of Nova Scotia with special attention given to Communications and Transportation.” History of Nova Scotia, Jan 1860 - Dec 1869, newscotland1398.ca/hist/nshistory10.html.
• Farr, D.M.L. “Sir Charles Tupper.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-charles-tupper/
• Canada A Country by Consent: Confederation: Joseph Howe's Opposition, www.canadahistoryproject.ca/1867/1867-05-howe.html.
• HSidd4. YouTube, YouTube, 14 May 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdUd931UaFY.
• Beck, J. Murray. “Joseph Howe.” The Canadian Encyclopedia, www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/joseph-howe/.
• “North America.” World Atlas - Maps, Geography, travel, www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/namerica/province/nszfamous.htm.
• Munroe, Susan. “Eye Opening Facts About Nova Scotia.” ThoughtCo, www.thoughtco.com/nova-scotia-facts-508579.

Fun Facts!

Nova Scotia Today

Nova Scotia 1850-1867

• Nova Scotia's flag was created in 1858 and was inspired by the Scottish flag and the Scottish coat of arms. However, the flag was not official until much later
• The name "Nova Scotia" is Latin for "New Scotland"
• Nova Scotia has over 3,000 lakes and hundreds of rivers, ponds and streams
• Pulp or Paper products were invented in Nova Scotia
• The Cunard Steamship was invented in Nova Scotia
• (Later),the telephone was invented in Nova Scotia by Alexander Graham Bell

Important Events

Economy and Resources

Cultural Background and Population

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• Mi'kmaq: Before the European settlers arrived, Nova Scotia was inhabited by an Aboriginal people known as the Mi'kmaq. The Mi'kmaq were hunters and gatherers and ranged across the maritime colonies. The Mi'kmaq relied on a variety of resources to survive, such as crustaceans, various plants, trees, land mammals and sea mammals. Which they would use for food, shelter-building, medicine, tools, and warmth.
• Acadians: The Acadians were descendants of French Colonists who settled in Acadia/Nova Scotia during the 17th and 18th centuries.
• Planters and American colonists: In the later 18th century, settlers from New England and American Colonists settled much of Northern and Western Nova Scotia
• Around 1861, the population in Nova Scotia was estimated to be around 330,857

• In 1867, the Dominion of Canada, Ottawa capital, was formed from the British North American Act that joined colonies of Nova Scotia, Province of Canada and New Brunswick into one federal union
• Nova Scotia becomes the first British North American colony to have responsible government. Which was brought to the colony by Joseph Howe
• Nova Scotia railway is founded, Joseph Howe played a large role in the founding.
• Steamship services arrive. Ships can take people from Halifax to St.John's, Boston, Bermuda, Charlottetown e.t.c...
• The merchant's bank of Halifax (Later known as the Royal Bank of Canada) opens for business in Halifax
• Telegraph cable is completed. (Telegraph was the way of communication before the Telephone). The cable was 2,700km long and went across the sector of the Atlantic Ocean between British North America and Europe.

• Given its closeness to the Atlantic ocean, much of Nova Scotia's economy and resources were influenced by the sea.
• Food that was exported to the other colonies from Nova Scotia included Lobster, Haddock, Scallops, Eggs, Herring, Maple Syrup, Cod, Dairy Products, and Poultry.
• Nova Scotia was a colony that was especially rich in Natural Resources. Some Natural resources that would be exported to the other colonies from Nova Scotia include Lumber, Sand, Gypsum, Salt, Limestone, Coal, Barite, Goethite, and Manganite.
• Labour force: Nova Scotia's labor statistics reflected the demographic shift due to the aging population. The number of people in Nova Scotia’s workforce declined for all major age groups except for older workers (55 years and older). The share of older workers in the workforce increased and surpassed the proportion of youth (15 to 24 years)

Mi'kmaq Flag

Acadian Flag

Short Clip on Charles Tupper

Important People

Geography

Nova Scotia and Confederation

Nova Scotia was the second smallest colony in British North America following Prince Edward Island. Nova Scotia was located off the South-Eastern coast of British North America and was one of the British North American colonies located on the eastern seaboard. The colony also included Cape Breton Island (An island located North-East of the mainland) and a number of small islands. The colony's only connection to mainland British North America was a land boundary to the west with New Brunswick. Off of the Eastern and Southern coasts lied the Atlantic Ocean and off the North-Western coast lied the Bay of Fundy. Nova Scotia was also one of the four original provinces (along with New Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebec) that constituted the Dominion of Canada in 1867.

On July 1, 1867, Nova Scotia became one of the four founding members of Canada when it joined New Brunswick and the Province of Canada in Confederation. Nova Scotia had always been hesitant on joining Confederation because of a strong sense of independence. Joseph Howe led the Anti-Confederation movement and believed that if Nova Scotia joined Confederation, it would lose its identity. Many Nova Scotians did not see the benefit of joining confederation and believed that Nova Scotia, in fact, had stronger ties with New England rather than the Province of Canada. Advocates suggested that joining Confederation would provide a wider market for trade, security against likely American expansion and financial help for a railway linking the colonies. Eventually, Premier Charles Tupper decided to pass the terms of Confederation, making Nova Scotia part of Canada. When Nova Scotia officially became a Province, there were two opposing views and many protests took place.

• Joseph Howe

Led the Anti-confederation

• Charles Tupper

Pro Canadian Confederation Premier

• Thomas Chandler Haliburton

Famous writer