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Health Information Technology

HIT

Health Information Technology (HIT)

by: Carolyn Eiland, Joseph Moto & Brandy Simpler

Importance of Informatics Principles for Nursing

• In order to provide the highest quality of patient care, information systems (ISs) with the ability to handle large amounts of data and information that is needed for best practices have been integrated into healthcare organizations. One must possess appropriate decision-making and problem solving abilities in order to develop effective ISs that can handle information and knowledge needs of future healthcare industries.

• Nurses literate in computer science have the power to use technology for knowledge development that can be applied in his or her practice.

• Computers support collaboration of healthcare providers through networks such as telenursing, e-health, and client support networks. There are also nursing-related virtual social networks and learning and research networks. These networks allow the endless exchange of information exchange and knowledge development and encourage feedback and data distribution.

(McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015)

Importance of Informatics Principles for Nursing

Confidentiality, Security, and HIPAA implications.

• Cognitive informatics (CI) is a term used to denote the division of information and computer sciences that deals with the processing of information in the human brain. In nursing, software has been developed to model the natural human decision-making processes of professionals in an artificial program which help providers explore the outcomes of varying actions before implementing said action. This can help professionals choose the best intervention in situations that are not familiar.

• Technology is constantly evolving in healthcare especially in the area of healthcare and information management. Ethical decisions by healthcare professionals are imperative in order to protect the rights of patients. Healthcare providers must remain ethically competent throughout their career.

(McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015)

Privacy

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)of 1996 addresses the privacy and security of health care records. Title I ensures insurance portability, while Title II requires the use of national guidelines for electronic health communication. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 has provisions to address health information technology for economic and clinical health. Nurse practitioners must understand both laws.

(CDC, 2016)

Importance of Informatics Principles for Nursing

Code of Ethics

• Nurses must have the ability to manage equipment and perform procedures, collect, interpret and analyze data, and turn that data new knowledge.

• Technology and evidence is used by nurses to support and inform his or her practice.

• Several national groups are promoting the addition of informatics content in nursing education programs. The National League for Nursing (NLN) encourages nurses to be prepared as informatics-competent nurses who can practice safely in a health-care environment that optimizes uses of technology.

• Information science incorporates features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science, and social sciences and focuses on the linking of people, information, and technology which is very important in healthcare.

(McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015).

The Nursing Code of Ethics addresses the nurse’s role as a patient advocate. DNP graduates operate under the same code of ethics. Patients have the right to privacy, and it is our duty as providers to ensure that patient information is not inappropriately disclosed through technology error. Patient confidentiality is a patient's right. The advent of Health Information Technology (HIT) is an opportunity for Nurse practitioners to champion technology advancement by incorporating it into healthcare systems such as Electronic Medical Records EMR) to reduce errors and increase patient safety. To be proficient, providers must know how to manage new technology (McGonigle & Mastrian 2015).

DNP Graduates

DNP graduates can use technology to analyze, synthesis, and integrate data to promote a culture of patient safety and confidentiality. Confidentiality is recognized by law as privileged communication between two parties in a professional relationship, such as with a patient and a physician, a nurse or other clinical professional

(McGonigle & Mastrian 2015).

How HIT Impacting Healthcare and Nursing Practice

• The use of technology has made storing and retrieving research articles easy for the use of appraising and reviewing evidence for quality in evidence-based practice.

• 19 million dollars was provided by the United States government through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to increase to use of electronic health records (EHRs).

• There has been an increase in the use of smart phone apps and other personal devices to monitor health, and this can be used in conjunction with the healthcare provider’s EHR to generate data and detect trends all resulting in improved patient outcomes.

• Developments in EHR systems such as clinical decision support and the integration of recommendations from evidence-based guidelines has been shown to improve health prevention interventions and increase adherence to guideline recommendations.

  • (Dowding, 2015).

References

How HIT is Impacting Healthcare and Nursing Practice

Current Trends

Current Trends

The use of HIT has been repeatedly recommended as a way to aid in

delivering high quality, safe health care that is also cost effective

(Dykes & Collins 2013).

  • Patient Satisfaction
  • Patient Portal
  • Provider Satisfaction
  • Health Information
  • Medical Home
  • Exchange (HIE)
  • Vender Buy In
  • (Bates, and Bitton, 2010)
  • Attainment of national goals (Payne, et al 2016).
  • telehealth
  • efficiency quality outcomes
  • transition of care
  • clinical decision support for chronic disease
  • population registries
  • team care personal health records as it relates to patient centered medical home
  • (O’Malley, 2011).

• HIT tools can be used in conjunction with other components in performance improvement interventions to implement needed practice changes to improve patient outcomes such as those used for fall and pressure ulcer prevention (Dykes & Collins 2013).

Bates, D., & Bitton, A. (2010). The future of health information technology in the patient-centered

medical home. Health Affairs, 29(4), 614-21. http://dx .doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0007.

Buntin, M., Burke, M. F., Hoagline, M., & Blumenthal, D., (2011).

The benefits of health information technology: A review of the recent literature shows

predominantly. Health Affairs, 30(3), 464-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0178.

Dowding, D. (2015). Using health information technology to support evidence-based practice.

Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 12(3), 129-130. http://dx .doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12093

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). HIPAA privacy rule and public health. Retrieved f

from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview /mmwrhtml/m2e411a1.htm

Dykes, P. C., & Collins, S. A. (2013). Building linkages between nursing care and improved patient

outcomes: The role of health information technology. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 18(3), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3912/OJIN

Kadry,B. Sanderson,I.C., & Macario, A . (2010). Challenges that limit meaningful use of health i

information technology. Current Opinion in Anesthesiology, 23(2), 184-192. http

://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0b013e328336ea0e

McGonigle, D, & Mastrain, K. G. (2015). Nursing Informatics and the foundation of knowledge

(3rd ed) Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlet learning.

O’Malley, A. O. (2011). Tapping the unmet potential of health information technology. New England

Journal of Medicine, 364, 1090-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1011227

Payne, T., Bates, D., Berner, E., Bernstam, E., Covvey, H., Frisse, M., & ... Ozbolt, J. (2013).

Healthcare information technology and economics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(2), 212-217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-000821

Health Information Technology (HIT)

HIT

What is HIT

Our health care systems have made great advances in helping to cure and eradicate, diseases, extend our lives, and improve the overall well-being of our communities. Currently, through the use of secure health information technology (HIT), the health care system will benefit from advancements that ensure health information is confidential, accessible when and where needed, contributing to safety, higher quality and more well organized and less costly health care for everyone (Buntin, Burke, Hoagline,& Blumenthal, 2011).

Challenges as a result of HIT

  • Health Information technology as defined by McGonigle & Mastrian (2015) is the hardware, software, integrated technologies or related license, intellectual property, upgrades, or packaged solutions sold as services that are designed for or support the use by healthcare entities or patients for the electronic creation, maintenance, access, or exchange of health information.
  • Moreover, health information technology is a broad concept that comprises an array of technologies to store, share, and analyze health information (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015).

Conclusion

EMR

HIT has been a proven beneficial step in improving our healthcare systems. There must be ongoing evaluation of HIT to continually achieve system efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. Healthcare providers must embrace HIT to ensure the delivery of quality healthcare.

Health Care Technology for Clinical Health (HITECH)

EMRs

Use of EMRs has improved quality of health care delivery. The ability to share information through computer networks has not only made a breakthrough in the delivery of health care, but it has also introduced new concerns of privacy and security. HIPAA was introduced as part of an effort to address the challenges of privacy and security of health care records. The use of passwords and encrypted email has proven to be effective in providing additional protection of patient information. Regardless of all these policies and procedures, health information and technology continues to face many challenges. Another HIT challenge is the lake of interoperability between different EMR systems across organizations (Kadry, Sanderson & Macario 2010).

Health information technology improves quality of care, but some clinics may not implement certain programs due to the cost of maintenance and support. The use of non-clinical individuals to design programs can be a problem. Lack of computer knowledge can hinder clinical work flow. Extra resources may be needed in training clinical staff. DNP graduates can take part in designing clinical computer programs which are ready to put into use (Kadry, Sanderson & Macario 2010).

  • President Barack Obama signed and congress passed into law 2009
  • Effort to accelerate the use of HIT
  • Incentive Payment (Medicare/Medicaid)
  • The Office of National Coordinator (ONC) a division of the US department of Health and Human Services (HHS), is responsible for the managing the progress of the nationwide HIT infrastructure to achieve the overall goal HITECH (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015).
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