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How is sound sensed?
ANOVA Results
Dependent variable
(What's being studied)
Independent Variables
(What's being controlled)
0-100%
Distance - 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 centimeters
Decibel level- 80, 85, and 90 decibels.
Frequency- 300, 900, 1200, 1500, 4000, and 5000 Hz.
We want to know the effect of distance, decibel level, and frequency on the readings generated by the sound sensor.
Fig. 1
This experiment is based entirely around the detection of sound. This page is dedicated to the explanation of anything about sound that is essential to the understanding of this experiment.
Data was collected in a random fashion
Our team is interested in learning more about how sensors operate.
We strive to make discoveries regarding the efficacy of the sound sensor and seek the factors which are most prominent in the detection of sound.
We also hope to pass on the knowledge our team has accumulated as a result of our research in the most effective way possible.
All factors involved in this test were extremely significant on sensor readings.
Statistical tests were useful to explain trends numerically and produce visual aids to assist in understand the dense end product of those tests.
It is likely that all microphones follow these trends but cannot be guaranteed.
If a test were to be conducted after this one examining the relationships between the independent variables further could prove useful to understanding how sound is perceived by such sensors.
Since our perception and that of technology are so closely related, disecting these devices may later be useful in health science fields to prevent hearing loss or aid those who suffer from loss of hearing.
The following graphs further support the significance in regards to all 3 independent variables and also give some insight to the magnitude of that significance
Frequency
Distance
Decibels
The device most often used to detect sound is a microphone. Everyone has used one at some point, but may not understand how one actually works.
Basically a microphone has a diaphragm that vibrates in the presence of sound waves much like our ear. this motion is what's detected and converted into electrical signals. The diaphragm is usually made of thin paper, plastic, or aluminum.
Mindstorm Brick/Sensor
Applications to verify sound levels in decibels (left) and generate sounds (right)
basic ruler to verify distance
1. Sound
2. Diaphragm
3. Coil
4. Magnet
5. Electrical Current
1st : Sound travels into the microphone and hits the diaphragm causing it to vibrate.
2nd : the coil is attached to the diapragm and thus, vibrates simultaneously.
3rd : the coil vibrates around a magnetic field produced by the magnet. this generates an electrical current that is directly proportional to the original pressure vibrations (sound).
4th : The current is passed on to other software which will take over translating the current back into sound.
The current representing a direct proportion of the sound is the only reason this method of sensing sound is viable.
1. Efforts were made to remove all other sound sources in order to eliminate outside noise.
2. A ruler was placed on a flat surface (floor). Markings were used to clearly identify the test distances of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 centimeters.
3. The Minestorm Lego Sound Sensor was positioned at the 0 centimeter position. The Sound Sensor was not moved again during the duration of the experiment.
4. Using the PA Tone Application, a sound of desired frequency and decibel level was established.
5. The decibel level was measured and verified using the Decibel 10th application on another phone. Care was taken to ensure the sound source was held in the same position with respect to the measuring phone in order to ensure repeatability.
6. The sound source (Android phone using the PA Tone Application) was then held at each selected distance from the sound sensor. While the sound source was in place, the reading on the Sound Sensor was recorded.
7. Steps 4-6 were repeated for all selected variable combinations.
8. All steps were repeated three times in order to ensure repeatability