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Models for animation can be constructed from almost anything.

Animators have made films using cars, clay, latex, wire, toys, and even food as models.

The model is posed and a frame photographed before the model is moved slightly again.

Models are often built around flexible wire armatures or skeletons to allow them to be moved and posed without breaking or collapsing

Shows such as Wallace and Gromit.

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NEXT, we will learn about the Principles of Animation.

Then we will complete a worksheet.

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What is Animation Continued....

What is Animation

Animators rarely work alone; they are usually part of a team of creative people including directors, writers, actors and musicians.

Although much animation seen by the public is made by professional studios, animation can be a very simple process, that anyone can create and enjoy

Animation is a very familiar and accessible form of entertainment. It can also be a way to communicate simple or complex ideas, to explore social issues and emotions. Its time to find out about the different techniques.

Animation can take many forms, from feature length films to 'experimental' shorts, advertising, computer games and website applications.

The main techniques of animation are: hand-drawn, cel, cut-out, model or stop motion and computer animation or computer generated imagery (CGI).

Animation was invented before film and the cinema existed!

Hand Drawn animation

Introduction

to

Animation

Techniques

Drawings are made on separate sheets of paper, each differing slightly from the one before. A tool called a peg bar is used to keep all the sheets aligned and, by placing the drawings on to a light box to illuminate them, it makes it easier for the animator to trace the previous picture, adding slight changes to the image.

The main stages in the movement of the characters are drawn as key drawings; these show the extreme of the movements the characters will make. In-between drawings are then made to fill in the detailed movement between these key drawings.

Cel Animation

Cels are transparent celluloid acetate sheets that can be drawn and painted on. Because they are transparent, several cels can be placed on top of each other, enabling different parts of a character's body to be drawn on separate sheets and animated individually. Which means that an animator might only need to draw the movement of an arm rather than the whole character each time it moves. This saves lots of time for the animator

The animation sequence is first drawn on paper before being traced onto the clear cel sheets; this lets the animator test that the animation is working correctly. The clear cels also enable the backgrounds to be seen underneath the characters – and means that backgrounds only have to be drawn once. Cel animation is now used less frequently, as the process can be done more economically and quickly with a computer. It is clear which section have the potential to move as these standout from the background. For example Scooby Doo or Steamboat Willie

Cut-out Animation

3D Model Animation

Characters are made from individual pieces of card or paper and animated underneath the camera.

Each cut-out piece is moved a little before each frame is photographed.

The animator may draw the cut-out images from different angles showing the characters from the side, back and front.

Animators have designed cut-out characters in many different ways including silhouette form.

Computer Generated Imagery (CGI)

Computer Generated Imagery (Cont.)

Many animators now use computers and software programs to create animated films.

Three-dimensional or two-dimensional characters and objects can be built in the computer or images may be imported via a scanner.

The computer enables animators to create virtual worlds for their characters to live in - these worlds may be very elaborate.

Films such as Finding Nemo....

The cost of the computers is sometimes high, but the results are often faster to produce and can be quickly changed, if needed.

Traditional animation techniques can also be enhanced and assisted by the use of computers, in terms of colouring, filming, making changes, postproduction and special effects.

Other Films include Toy Story, Moana, and Frozen.

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