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The Ndwandwe Under Zwide

Mfecane?

  • Recently it has been found that the Ndwandwe under King Zwide were largely responsible for the Mfecane, rather than King Shaka and the Zulu's
  • They were more powerful at the time and had huge military success. They were constantly warring with neighbouring groups. They also were a bigger empire than the Zulu's, who, at that time, were only a small minority group of the Mthethwa under Dingiswayo.
  • Conducted many raids North of the Tugela river. Groups forced to move into the highveld.
  • Dingiswayo and Zwide were at war, largely being won by the Ndwandwe. Dingiswayo was killed and Shaka took his place.
  • The Ndwandwe were eventually defeated by the Zulu's under King Shaka, forcing the remaining Ndwandwe to move North, thus contributing to the Mfecane.

A map of The Mfecane

Neighbour Relations:

  • Fortunate to have benefited from the environmental problems.
  • Experienced a lot of rainfall, thus being able to farm and produce which lead to a population increase. This population increase helped when fighting against neighbouring tribes.
  • The Ndwandwe didn't have a good relationship with neighbouring groups as many of them were branches of the Mthethwa who were constantly at war with the Ndwandwe.
  • Dingiswayo and Zwide were enemies and were always targeting each other.

References:

A cartoon of Zwide during the Mfecane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndwandwe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwide_kaLanga

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfecane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndwandwe%E2%80%93Zulu_War

http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/political-changes-1750-1835

http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/sarb/X0033_Wright.html

Viva History Textbook

Oxford History Textbook

Who were the Ndwandwe?

  • King Zwide kaLanga.
  • Part of the Nguni people (referring to the group of South African people all speaking the same language)
  • Among the first of the Nguni Chiefdoms.
  • A very successful military force.

How did they live?

An Nguni Army

  • Nguni dialects.
  • Militaristic
  • amaButho
  • Ivory trade with the Portuguese
  • Army and military ultimately lead to downfall of Zwide

Where and When did they dominate?

Soldier of the amaButho

  • 1805 - 1820 under King Zwide
  • Shared modern day Zululand with Mthetwa
  • Area surrounding the Pongola river, near Delagoa Bay, where they were active in the ivory trade.
  • After their defeat by the Zulu's, they moved North into Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Swaziland and Zambia

Area dominated by the Ndwandwe

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