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Diagnosis
Symptoms include: High fever/chills, abdominal pain, cramps and bloating, flatulence, constant need to pass stool, loss of appetite, weight loss, headache, fatigue, vomiting and dehydration.
If several symptoms are present there are two tests that can be done:
Physical Exam:
Testing for dry mouth, skin and lips or lower abdominal tenderness.
Stool/blood test:
Stool can be sampled to find Shigella and Campylobacter bacteria, if inconclusive, blood tests can be sampled to find abnormal levels of minerals and salts.
Treatment
The body is often able to rid itself of dysentery but if not, patients can undergo rehydration therapy where fluids are pumped into them until they can drink on their own.
If the disease is severe then antibiotics will be given to patients with bacillary dysentery and amoebicidal drugs will be given to patients with amoebiasis. The two types of medication target either amoeba or bacteria.
History
-Many fatal cases of dysentery have appeared throughout history including a major outbreak in WWII but it has since stayed under control in the developed world.
-Largely present 1700-1800s caused several thousand deaths
-90 percents of all deaths in some areas of Sweden were because of Dysentery
-Most severe outbreaks were in 1773, 1808 and 1857
-Still a major concern in developing countries not very common in western
-Regularly recurring disease
Explanation of disease
- Amoeba or bacteria cause the disease, borrowing into the colon lining and breaking capillaries and causing blood to leak into feces
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Changes in treatment throuout the past 100 years
- Morphine introduced into the treatment of Dysentery
- Mainly for hospice situations
- still used today
Types Of Dysentery
What Is It?
Amoebic dysentery:
-Occurs in warm climates
-Spread through contaminated food and water
- Called Amoebiasis
- Caused by amoeba (single celled, can change shape)
Bacillary dysentery:
- Caused by bacterium (single celled organisms, move in groups, cause diseases)
-Stronger form of shigellosis
- Usually contracted in colder climates
-Caused by a type of Shigella bacteria
Dysentery is a digestive system disorder. It occurs when amoeba or bacteria get into in the intestines and result in severe bloody/mucus filled feces and diarrhea. The amoeba or bacteria that cause the disease, borrow into the colon lining and break capillaries. The blood released is added to the feces and leaves the body.
*Both types are contracted through food, drink, or close contact with a carrier of the disease*
Preventative Measures