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How to argue well. . .

APA Format

Journal: All authors; last name, first initial. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Volume, Pages. URL or DOI.

Example: Irving, L. M. (2000). Eating disorders prevention through research, community involvement, and media activism. Heavy Weight Journal, 14, 86. Retrieved from: http://content.ebscohost.com

Book: Author; last name, first initial. (Year). Book Title. City of Publication. Publisher.

Example: McKenzie, F.R. (2008). Theory and practice with adolescents: An applied approach. Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books.

MLA Format

Journal: Author; last name first. Title of article. Journal Title. Volume, Issue. (Year): Pages. Database name. Medium. Date of Access.

Example: Heyen, William. "Sunlight." American Poetry Review 36.2 (2007): 55-56. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 24 Mar. 2010.

Book: Author; last name first. Book Title. City of Publication. Publisher. Date. Medium.

Example: Sacks, Oliver. Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain. New York: Knopf, 2007. Print.

Do not PLAGIARIZE :

Exception:

Using ideas from "The Declaration of Independence" is not plagiarism because it is freely circulated and part of the public domain

Final Notes and Ideas

Steps

1. Know where to get information

2. Send to the right person

3. Include name, address, and phone number

4. Be timely

5. Address properly

6. Name Bill

7. Share expert knowledge

8. Give reason (evidence)

9. Be constructive

10. Be brief

11. Be focused

12. Do not be a perfectionist

Steps

1. Know publication

2. Content: make 1 point

3. Method: be timely

4. Style: brief, courteous, edited

5. Professional format

Truth in:

  • Find truth through our research
  • See many sides, can decide what is right

Transformation of:

  • Writing Skills
  • Perspectives
  • Understanding
  • Character
  • Group Skills

End of our journey . . .

How to use emotional appeal responsibly

Fair use:

  • Use to grab attention
  • Address the situation
  • Evoke a personal memory
  • Prepare audience by suggesting to them how to feel

Unfair use:

  • Too dramatic
  • Does not relate to topic
  • Over use
  • Discriminatory or false
  • Distracting from issue

How to use satire or humor well

Fair use:

  • Use to draw attention to an issue
  • Relevant
  • Accurate

Rogerian Argument

Unfair use:

  • Demonize opposing view
  • Disrespectful or smart aleck
  • Excessive
  • Offensive
  • False

Our Goals =

Understanding of paper topic

A+

Explicit: Writer directly states it

Implicit: Writer does not directly state it, implies it

Know how to write a good research paper

Think for ourselves

First Notes

Information Overload!

Just the beginning:

NNU Values

How doe English 2020 serve these goals?

To Do:

&

Not to Do:

Truth

Final Steps

Transformation

Almost there . . .

How to write an effective letter to a legislator

How to write an effective letter to a newspaper editor

How we survived!

The many notes taken,

late nights working on homework,

and assignments turned in . . . was all worth it!

Do cut excess WORDS!

Lanham Paramedic Method:

1. Circle passive verbs (is, where, are, to, be)

2. Ask, who is doing what?

3. Put action into direct active verb

Do have a strong, arguable topic sentence

Other tips:

1. Cut passive voice

2. Be specific

3. Eliminate "stuffing" words

Sentence needs to:

1. Take a stand (Tell where paragraph is going)

2. Be specific enough

Example:

Before: Brooklyn and Bailey are fighting, because they do not agree how to put the dishes in the dishwasher.

After: Brooklyn and Bailey fight over the dishes.

FEEDBACK:

DO: give constructive, specific feedback

DO NOT: do the corrections for them

Do cite your SOURCES correctly!

Ask a librarian if you have questions!

Definition:

What not to do:

Using ideas, opinions, and words from another person without giving them credit

Use a quote from someone without giving proper citation

What to do:

Cite all sources from which you borrowed ideas

Our Journey. . .

Through English 2020

Hard D!

Doable A?

D =

  • Over scheduling yourself
  • Do not revise

A =

  • Plan your time
  • TALK to someone if you are have questions or are having trouble

Time Management

Time Savers: 1. Stick to your schedule

2. Make to do lists

Time Wasters:

1. Procrastinating

2. Phone distractions

Identifying

Assumptions

Assumption: unexamined belief or claim without evidence

Top Sources

1. Wall Street Journal

2. New York Times

Top Databases

For Nursing:

1. CINAHL

2. Medline

For Psychology:

1. Psych INFO

2. PsychARTICLES

A religious believer might want to be a critical thinker because they can explore the truth behind their religion and understand why they believe what they do.

A religious believer may not want to be a critical thinker because they will question their beliefs which could result in rejecting their faith

Critically Thinking

Logos: using logic or reason

Pathos: emotional appeal

Ethos: appeal to character of audience or speaker/writer

Appeals

Arguments using:

1. Examples: real events or invented situations

2. Analogy: kind of comparison, showing how they are alike

3. Statistics: quantitative evidence

4. Authoritative Testimony: citation or quotation of authorities

Steps:

1. State the problem

2. Give opponents position

3. Grant validity for both sides

4. Explain how your position can improve opponents

Language Use

Implicit Metaphor: comparison that is not directly stated

Biased Language: uses author's opinion

Fallacies:

1. Non Sequitor

2. Hasty Generalizations

3. Appeal to Ignorance

4.Post hoc ego pro

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