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Johann Henrich Pestalozzi & Friedrich Froebel

Allison Moran & Ashley Jubelt

Friedrich Froebel

Aspirations

  • Born: April 21st, 1782 in Thruingia, Germany
  • Died: June 21st, 1852 in Marienthal, Germany

Family Life

  • 5th child in a clergyman's family
  • Mother died when he was 9 months old
  • Father was a pastor
  • Neglected as a child until an uncle gave him a home and sent him to school

Early Inspirations

  • Strong love for nature and Christian faith was central to thinking as an educationalist
  • Began a study of mathematics and language
  • Strong idealist
  • Saw to encourage unity in all things
  • Originally waned to become a clergyman, like his grandfather
  • Highly influenced by Jean-Jaques Rousseau
  • When Rousseau was sentenced to prison for his Social Contract, Pestalozzi's former professor, Bodmer, founded the Helvetic Society with 20 other philosophers (1765)

Training & Education

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

  • Tried various employments until he impulsively took a teaching job at a progressive model school run by Anton Gruner
  • Was his assistant for 2 years
  • 1808-1810 attended the training institute run by Pestalozzi at Yverdon
  • Influenced by Jean-Jaques Rousseau and Pestalozzi
  • Worked with Pestalozzi and discovered weaknesses in his theories

Born: January 12th, 1746 in Zurich, Switzerland

Died: February 17th, 1827

Family Life:

  • Protestant Italian Family
  • Middle class, modest
  • He was the second of three children
  • Father was a surgeon, died when he was 6 years old
  • Raised by mother and maid, who struggled to make ends meet

Pestalozzi

Philosophy of Education

Inspiration

Contributions to Education

  • Free self-expression
  • Creativity
  • Social participation
  • Motor expression
  • Envisioned 4-6 year-olds in a place to be nurtured and safe from the outside world
  • Emphasis on play and its use of gifts (play materials) and occupations (activities)
  • Creative way and children become aware of their place in the world
  • He then decided to become a farmer, and during this endeavor married Anna Schulthess (1769)
  • Wife gave birth to their only son: Jean-Jaques Pestalozzi
  • After the failure of his farming venture, he decided he wanted to help the poor
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  • Political conditions of his country
  • On holidays he would visit his grandfather, they would travel to schools and houses of parishioners
  • Learned the poverty of country peasants
  • Saw consequences of putting children to work in the factory at an early age and how little their schools did for them
  • Being poor most of his life, he observed orphans who worked on farms
  • They were overworked and underfed

  • Founder of kindergarten
  • 1804- created the word kindergarten
  • "infant garden" or "garden of children"
  • Most important contribution to educational theory was his belief in "self-activity" and play as essential factors in child education
  • Educational ideas provided major direction of kindergarten curriculum

Milestones

Helvetic Society

Milestones

  • Founded the Play and Activity Institute in 1837
  • Emphasis on play, games, songs, stories, arts and crafts
  • Stimulates the child's imagination and develop physical and motor skills
  • Published articles
  • Froebel Gifts
  • Geometric building blocks and pattern activity blocks

Ideas

  • Prussian government banned kindergarten movement in 1851 and was not removed until several years after his death in 1852
  • Women trained in the Froebel system of education brought kindergarten to the U.S.
  • First U.S. kindergarten system was for German immigrant children
  • Ideas can still be observed:
  • Learning through play
  • Group games
  • Goal oriented activities
  • Outdoor time
  • Goal was democratic reform of the Swiss constitution and education for all influenced by Rousseau's ideas
  • Pestalozzi contributed to many articles of the Society's newspaper, Der Erinnerer
  • He created many political enemies which destroyed his chances of a legal career

Known for: "Pestalozzi Method"

  • Believed education must be broken down to its elements in order to have a complete understanding of it
  • Believed that every aspect of a child’s life shapes their personality, character and reason
  • Children should not be given ready-made answers but should arrive at answers themselves
  • He is concerned with social justice
  • Saw education as central to the improvement of social conditions

  • An educational method based on the natural world and concrete experiences
  • Children should learn through activity
  • Children should be free to pursue their own interests and draw their own conclusions
  • His theories laid the foundation of modern elementary education
  • He established schools in Switzerland and Germany to educate children and train teachers
  • He believed that schools should resemble secure and loving homes

Philosophy of Education

  • Principles of teaching

1. Begin with the concrete object before introducing abstract concepts

2. Begin with the immediate environment before dealing with what is distant and remote

3. Begin with easy exercises before introducing complex ones

4. Always proceed gradually, cumulatively, and slowly

Johann & Friedrich

  • As previously mentioned, Friedrich was a student of Johann
  • He took many of Johann's ideas and was influenced by him
  • expanded upon Johann's ideas
  • Both were inspired by Rousseau
  • Both strongly believed that children learn from and early age through activity ("play")

Sources

  • Grundel, Rainer. "Short biography of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi." Henrich Pestalozzi. Impressum, n.d. Web. 3 Apr 2014. <http://www.heinrich-pestalozzi.de/en/documentation/biography/short-biography/>.

  • Smith, Mark. "Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: pedagogy,education and social justice." Infed. YMCA George Williams College, n.d. Web. 3 Apr 2014. <http://infed.org/mobi/johann-heinrich-pestalozzi-pedagogy-education-and-social-justice/>.

  • Smith , Mark. "Friedrich Froebel (Fröbel)." Infed. YMCA George Williams College, n.d. Web. 3 Apr 2014. <http://infed.org/mobi/fredrich-froebel-frobel/>.
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