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Two branches of arousal
Cognitive
Somatic
Theories of Arousal
What is Arousal?
Changing state of the body
You need to be able to:
Explain all three theories of arousal
Drive Theory (Hull and Spence)
Inverted U Theory
Catastrophe Theory
Apply practical examples to each theory
Explain the impact each theory has on lifelong participation
relates to the mind
“ The degree of physiological and psychological readiness or activation which prepares the person for performance”
The level of AROUSAL affects our capacity to learn and later to control skills
Task
Apply your given theory of arousal to the following situation
Arousal
Task
After each statement, identify whether you think the performer is under aroused, at optimum arousal or over aroused
Catastrophe theory
Hardy
Performance will increase inline with somatic arousal and will reach optimum as long as cognitive arousal is kept low
If high cognitive arousal, performer will go 'over the edge' drastically
Performer will need to lower cognitive levels to get back on track
Drive theory (Hull)
Use Drive Theory to explain how an increase in arousal would affect the performance of both a novice and an experienced performer. (2)
Problem?
- The habitual behavior/ dominant response is not always the correct one (think of beginners)
- Even highly skilled players ‘choke’ in highly charged situations.
- Is it possible that in low arousal/ stress situations players will not perform well, but in highly aroused situations, players will get increasingly better?
As arousal increases so does quality of performance
But.... depends on how well the skill is learnt
performance is influenced by the relationship between somatic and cognitive arousal
DOMINANT RESPONSE - most likely to occur when we have an increase in arousal
Optimum point depends on:
Inverted U theory
Personality
Extrovert needs more arousal than introvert
Type of task
High arousal for closed skills (gross, simple).
Fine and complex lower arousal
Stage of learning
Cognitive - lower
Autonomous - higher
Experience
Experienced more arousal needed