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Chemical Reactions in Baking
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Decomposition
Decomposition is a chemical reaction where one substance is broken down into two substances.
AB --> A+B
A leavening agent in bread, yeast, converts sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This causes the sugar molecules to become smaller, which creates a batter that is not so thick.
Sugar --> Ethanol+Carbon Dioxide
Double Displacement
Neutralization
Thin batter formed by the decomposition of sugar.
A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and salt.
HCl+NaOH --> H2O+NaCl
Baking soda and an acid react to form water, salt and carbon dioxide. This reaction produces baked goods that do not have a soapy taste and are not yellow in colour.
NaHCO3+H --> Na+H2O+CO2
A double displacement reaction is where the cations and the anions of different compounds switch places to form the products, which are two different compounds.
AB+CD --> AD+CB
Acidic substances and baking soda in cake batter switch their cations and anions to form different compounds. This reaction creates a proper batter which is necessary in baking.
NaHCO3+HX --> NaX+H2CO3
Cake made with baking powder that is not yellow in colour like a cake made with baking soda.
The proper cake batter formed after the reaction between baking soda and an acidic substance.
Synthesis
Types of Chemical Reactions
Corrosion
Synthesis is a chemical reaction where two or more substances combine to form one substance.
A+B AB
Proteins in flour combine through a synthesis reaction to form gluten. Gluten is an important ingredient which forms to give baked goods their signature structure.
Glutenin+Gliadin --> Gluten
Corrosion is a chemical reaction where a metal breaks down because of a chemical reaction with its environment.
Fe(OH)3 --> Fe2O3+nH2O
This reactions causes metals to rust. In baking, it causes muffin pans and other baking pans to rust.
Fe(OH)3 --> Fe2O3+nH2O
There are seven types of chemical reactions:
- Synthesis
- Decomposition
- Single Displacement
- Double Displacement
- Combustion
- Acid-Base
- Corrosion
These chemical reactions can be found in baking.
The significant structure of baked goods created by gluten.
Rust on a muffin pan after a corrosion reaction with the environment has occurred.