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As Grice argues, philosophers who examine logic and language often fall into one of two camps:
Informalists
Formalists
We don't just refer to the fixed meanings of terms in order to determine what someone means when they utter x.
We also refer to the context of a conversation in order to determine meaning.
Our utterances are rarely disconnected from other utterances: they often occur in the context of a conversation, or in a web of utterances.
Quantity:
1. Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange).
2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
Quality:
1. Do not say what you believe to be false.
2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
Conversation is dependent on cooperation.
Manner:
Relation:
1. Be relevant.
1. Avoid obscurity of expression.
2. Avoid ambiguity.
3. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).
4. Be orderly.
Or, "Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged" (187).
(In the context of a letter of recommendation for graduate school)
"Dear Sir, Mr. X's command of English is excellent, and his attendance at tutorials has been regular."
Andre: "How is Charlie getting on in his job?"
Beth: "Oh, quite well, I think; he likes his colleagues, and he hasn't been to prison yet."
How does the context of a conversation govern the meaning of the term "fake news"?
http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/08/30/435277397/a-white-teen-was-killed-by-a-cop-and-no-one-took-to-the-streets-is-that-a-proble