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- The Nile rivers supplies water to 10 countries
- Egypt is the last of those countries, before the Nile goes into the Mediterranean Sea
- Egypt relies almost fully on the water from the Nile (they constantly re-use)
- water is one of the most important things for humanity
- 1/3 of the world's population cannot access water
- many countries around the Nile want a "share" of the water source
- potential war between Egypt and Ethiopia even though they are democratic countries since they cannot reach an agreement
- world's largest river 4,415 miles
- larger than India, takes up 10.3% of Africa's land
1920 - Nile projects commission formed, Treaty between Great Britain and Ethiopia
1929 - Agreement between Egypt and Sudan which laid the foundation for the later 1959 agreement
1952 - Egypt proposed Aswan High dam, promise of additional water makes new agreement necessary
1954 - First round of negotiations between Egypt and Sudan for new treaty. Ended with no result (September to December)
1959 - Agreement between Egypt and Sudan allows Egypt full access to Nile
1990 - Egypt needed more than 63 billion cubic meters to support the population
2000 - Egypt needed more than 69 billion cubic meters to support the population
Beginning 2013 - Egypt may be forced into war with Ethiopia
The constant threat of droughts increases the urgency of the
problem, and pollution from land-use activities affects downstream water quality.
Finally, except for Kenya and Egypt, all of the basin countries are among
the world’s 50 poorest nations, making their populations even more vulnerable
to famine and disease.
Ten countries share the basin of the Nile, arguably the world’s longest river:
Burundi, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda,
and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The basin’s three million
square kilometers cover about 10 percent of the African continent. Approximately 160 million people depend on the Nile River for their livelihoods, and about 300 million people live within the 10 basin countries.
Conflicts emerging here might spread political, social, and economic instability
into the surrounding areas. In a river basin, conflict is most likely to emerge when
the downstream nation is militarily stronger than nations upstream, and the
downstream nation believes its interests in the shared water resource are
threatened by actions of the upstream nations. In the Nile basin, the downstream
nation, Egypt, controls the region’s most powerful military, and fears that its
upstream neighbors will reduce its water supply by constructing dams without
its consent.