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Transcript

Water Conflict in the Nile Basin

stakeholders

egypt

ethiopia

sudan

tanzania

uganda

burundi

kongo

kenya

rwanda

Egypt and the Nile

History

- The Nile rivers supplies water to 10 countries

- Egypt is the last of those countries, before the Nile goes into the Mediterranean Sea

- Egypt relies almost fully on the water from the Nile (they constantly re-use)

Conflict con't

- water is one of the most important things for humanity

- 1/3 of the world's population cannot access water

- many countries around the Nile want a "share" of the water source

- potential war between Egypt and Ethiopia even though they are democratic countries since they cannot reach an agreement

FACTS

- world's largest river 4,415 miles

- larger than India, takes up 10.3% of Africa's land

1920 - Nile projects commission formed, Treaty between Great Britain and Ethiopia

1929 - Agreement between Egypt and Sudan which laid the foundation for the later 1959 agreement

1952 - Egypt proposed Aswan High dam, promise of additional water makes new agreement necessary

1954 - First round of negotiations between Egypt and Sudan for new treaty. Ended with no result (September to December)

1959 - Agreement between Egypt and Sudan allows Egypt full access to Nile

1990 - Egypt needed more than 63 billion cubic meters to support the population

2000 - Egypt needed more than 69 billion cubic meters to support the population

Beginning 2013 - Egypt may be forced into war with Ethiopia

Why is this bad?

The constant threat of droughts increases the urgency of the

problem, and pollution from land-use activities affects downstream water quality.

Finally, except for Kenya and Egypt, all of the basin countries are among

the world’s 50 poorest nations, making their populations even more vulnerable

to famine and disease.

Who uses the Nile?

Ten countries share the basin of the Nile, arguably the world’s longest river:

Burundi, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda,

and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The basin’s three million

square kilometers cover about 10 percent of the African continent. Approximately 160 million people depend on the Nile River for their livelihoods, and about 300 million people live within the 10 basin countries.

Conflict

Conflicts emerging here might spread political, social, and economic instability

into the surrounding areas. In a river basin, conflict is most likely to emerge when

the downstream nation is militarily stronger than nations upstream, and the

downstream nation believes its interests in the shared water resource are

threatened by actions of the upstream nations. In the Nile basin, the downstream

nation, Egypt, controls the region’s most powerful military, and fears that its

upstream neighbors will reduce its water supply by constructing dams without

its consent.

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