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Link to Knowledge Question

Power of speech, hence power of language. Huge impact on (political) history. Nations’ as well as individuals’ behavior influenced, thus our KQ.

Real Life Situation

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:

- 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'"

How does language influence human behaviour in terms of body, verbal and written language?

Verbal Language

  • Encouraging words
  • Pronunciation

Self-esteem & confidence

Accent: only pronunciation differs

e.g. an American speaking German

Home advantage

Conclusion

Written Language

Collective Identity

  • Writing Therapy

WRITING THERAPY

Emotional expression exercise test: developed by psychologists Pennebaker and Beall

The Link:

From Written Language to Personal Identity

The Asthma Experience

  • Asthma is a chronic illness
  • Attacks are unpredictable and vary in intensity
  • Some of the most severe attacks are near-death experiences
  • subjects tested had mild to severe asthma
  • they were encouraged to write about a traumatic experience

Common SYMPTOMS:

- Fear/Anxiety

- Hypervigilance

- Embarassment

  • Writing makes us healthier
  • Increased health reduces any active symptoms
  • This can take away our fear of inferiority and make us more outgoing

Verbal Language

  • "Snow"

  • Inuit vs. English
  • ... attachment to a certain group
  • ... focuses on the group as a whole

Snow, snow or snow?

Written Language

EMOJI

  • Emoji

Why EMOJI?

But...

There are limitations to emoji -

  • only 7% of our face-to-face communication occurs through purely linguistic elements

Emoticons as a universal language

The Link: From Written Language to Collective Identity

  • Emoticons act as prosodic features in cyberspace communication
  • Young Japanese in particular use emojis as an alternative for the written word
  • Emoticons facilitate international communication as they overcome the barrier of language difference.

  • Emoji encourages us to interact with people not only in our comfort zones, but everyone.
  • communicating by pictures
  • Emoticons are already known to be the first truly universal language

Cultural Idenitity

Personal Identity

  • ... the identity of feeling or belonging to
  • ... nationality, ethnicity, gender, locality, social class & ...

Body Language

Verbal Language

  • Chameleon effect
  • Tanya Chartrand & John Bargh
  • Argumentum ad Populum
  • Keith Chen
  • Futured vs. Futureless Language
  • Saving & Health

... the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life

Written Language

English

  • Present tense: It is snowing today.
  • Future tense: It will/is going to snow tomorrow.

Futureless-language speakers:

  • 30% more likely to save
  • Retire with 25% more in savings
  • 20-24% less likely to smoke
  • 13-17% less likely to be obese
  • 21% more likely to use condoms
  • Language in Literature (Pygmalion)

German

  • Present tense: Heute schneit es.
  • Future tense: Morgen schneit es.

Pygmalion

  • History's Impact on Behaviour
  • Eliza's social class shift impacts her cultural identity
  • Literary parallels encourage us to identify the same phenomenon in our lives - examples could be moving to another country

Historical influence on behaviour

  • Carthage-Rome: The Punic Wars
  • The German "Vergangenheitsbewältigung"

The Link: From Written Language to Cultural Identity

  • written language is a tool which can provoke antagonistic behaviour towards a certain culture

Body Language

  • Gestures
  • Universal Facial Expressions

Body Language

  • Personal Space
  • Amy Cuddy
  • Power posing
  • Testosterone and Cortisol
  • Experiment: Gambling

Edward T. Hall

"Fake it until you make it."

Language and Behaviour

A ToK Presentation by Jana Zieger, Leah Bail & Victoria Dahmen

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