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Polypeptide Synthesis

By Manu & Kyanna

Let's get down in the Ribosome

Where it all ENDSsssss

  • Once the last amino acid is added, the chain folds into the protein.

Let's party in the Cytoplasm aka Translation

  • The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time.
  • When each set of bases is read, a tRNA delivers the corresponding amino acid.
  • This is added to a growing chain of amino acids.
  • Protein factories called ribosomes in the cytoplasm bind to the mRNA.
  • Ribosomes read the code in the mRNA to produce an amino acid chain. (Fun fact, 20 different types of amino acids exist)
  • The amino acids are transferred to the ribosomes by tRNA (transfer RNA).

RNA Polymerase Gets Involved aka Transcription

  • When a gene is switched on, an enzyme aka RNA Polymerase attaches to the beginning of the gene.
  • It moves along the DNA making a strand of mRNA (messenger RNA) out of free bases in the nucleus.

Chromosomes (wHeRe It AlL bEgInS)

  • Chromosomes consist of a long DNA strand containing Histones.
  • In the DNA, there are also genes (in which instructions on making proteins are stored)

mRNA moves around a bit

  • Before mRNA can be used to produce proteins, it needs to be processed which includes adding sections of RNA.
  • The mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

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