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Establish a sense of safety.
Re-establish relational attachment.
$$$?!
We're not doing therapy.
Establish meaning by exploring purpose and future goals.
We don't have the training to do extensive trauma work.
For me, the healing and change required is simply interpersonal, and it is grounded by predictability and respect within the group.
Enhance systems of support.
Appreciate post-traumatic growth.
Provide psychoeducation on the effects of trauma.
Fostering long-term change in men who choose abuse will ultimately keep their current and future partners (and themselves) safe.
Teach & experience emotional & behavioral regulation.
Re-frame and integrate traumatic experiences.
Build self-capacities & enhance the brain's executive functioning.
You are not your trauma.
Your trauma can be healed.
Expect that every man can heal and change.
You are grown and in control of your own choices and decisions.
Acknowledge that change is difficult.
Support, listen, educate, and mentor to promote the process of healing and change.
Celebrate the courage to choose to change.
No one provokes or makes you be violent or abusive.
Hold each man individually and personally responsible and accountable for their choices and decisions -- past and present.
Regardless of the circumstance, violence & abuse is a personal choice; you are responsible for your choices.
re-enactment behavior
inability to be vulnerable
inability to trust others
Consequences & accountability help to change the decisional balance toward healing.
need to be in control
inappropriate/no boundaries
low self-esteem
The world is a frightening & dangerous place.
I can't trust anyone.
I am vulnerable.
I must take care of myself.
I am unprotected.
I must survive.
No one really cares about me.
Men & boys are dominant & superior to women & girls.
excessively jealous
hypermacho masculinity
inability to express emotions
Are we not taking women's victimization seriously?
poor communication skills
unrealistic expectations and demands
Are we colluding with batterers?
manipulative
male supremacy
false/exaggerated perceptions of reality
Will batterers ever change?
exhibits controlling behavior
hypersensitive and easily insulted
If we accept male victimization, do we also accept men as having a rightful place of dominance?
blames others for actions
excessive reactivity to triggers
Is punishment accountability?
In some term of victim's justice, do these guys deserve to be belittled, silenced, or ostracized from society in some way?
Some of our men come from broken homes.
The Duluth Model is "one of the most successful community-based projects for violent men anywhere in the world."
- Dobash, Dobash, Cavanagh & Lewis (2000, p. 48)
Some of our men feel pressure to "man up".
Some of our men come from communities of violence.
We fix what's wrong with batterers.
Summarizing current BIP approaches, Babcock, Canady, Graham, & Schart (2007) state:
"Current research on intervention tells us more about what doesn't work than what are effective ways to stop family violence" (p. 237)
The authors also conclude that a survivor of IPV is only 5% less likely to be reassaulted if her partner is arrested, convicted, and referred to a BIP than a survivor whose partner is only arrested and convicted
Some of our men have a legacy of cultural trauma.
MEN/S Program Intervention Specialist
"To the extent that CBT groups address patriarchal attitudes, and Duluth model groups address the learned and reinforced aspects of violence, any distinction between CBT and Duluth model groups becomes increasingly unclear."
- Babcock, Green, & Robie (2004, p. 1026) in "Does batterers' treatment work? A meta-analytic reivew of domestic violence treatment"
Trey Goff, MS
Women's Center & Shelter of Greater Pittsburgh
Labriola, Rempel, & Davis (2005) summarized seven published reviews and eight book chapters regarding BIP effectiveness:
A meta-analysis by Babcock, Green, & Robie (2004) of 5 published studies found that:
Dutton's (2008) "gender analysis" &
Hamel and Nicholls' (2007) "gender camp"