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Gambling
Description:
Problem gambling is characterized by many difficulties in limiting money and/or time spent on gambling which leads to adverse consequences for the gambler, others, or for the community. Gambling is impulse driven. Gamblers receive impulses they must answer. Even if they realize it is doing harm.
Symptoms:
Walks, Talks and Breathes Gambling
More, More and More
Can’t or Won’t Stop
Lies, Lies, and More Lies
Financial Problems
Self Destruction
Losing Control
What Are Some Characteristics of Problem Gamblers?
• more likely to be male than female
• usually bet larger amounts on all forms of gambling
• gamble more frequently
• spend more time per gambling session
• more likely to have been in trouble with the police
• more likely to say they have been rejected by family members
The History of Gambling
Gambling has existed since ancient times.
A few Examples:
Writing on the wall in Egypt depicted gambling
George Washington passed many hours at Valley Forge playing cards for money
3 types of people....
1. a person who gambles socially on occasion
2. a person who gambles more frequently and sometimes loses big
3. a person who gambles daily and loses almost all the time(truly does not care)
Ways to quit Gambling:
-Let someone else take care of your money
-Join a support group
-Stay away from casinos or online poker rooms
- Vent: bring all your feeling and issues out. The
only way to fix an addiction is to fix the problem
causing it
Consequences
Loss of Money
Loss of friends fmaily
Loss of trust/job
2 major arguments moral
1. Getting something you did not work for
2. All your hairs are numbered and pre-determined(religious)
Institute for Research
on Gambling Disorders:
The National Center for Responsible Gaming : organization creating a competitive research grants program for peer-reviewed investigations of gambling disorders and youth gambling.
"The Cognitive Neuroscience of Control and Decision-Making in Problem Gambling
Principal Investigator: Brett A. Clementz, Ph.D., University of Georgia
Awarded $167,088 in 2006
The study is collecting brain activity data while participants engage in behavioral tasks of controlled decision-making. The investigator will look for differences between problem and non-problem gamblers concerning the spatial and temporal patterns of brain functioning that support decision-making.
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission and Cognitive Bias in Pathological Gambling
Principal Investigator: Jakob Linnet, Ph.D., Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
Awarded $149,185 in 2006
The research project tested the hypothesis that pathological gamblers have a lower dopamine concentration and a higher dopamine release during gambling compared with healthy controls; that other factors, such as personality traits such as sensation seeking, influence the dopamine release during gambling; and, that dopamine binding potential and occupancy are associated (directly or indirectly) with cognitive bias of gambling performance."
"Support from the NCRG has led to a number of significant advancements in the field of disordered gambling research. NCRG grants have funded research leading to:
•The first reliable statistics of how many people have the disorder:
Harvard’s estimate of approximately 1 percent of the adult population has been verified by independent studies and the National Academy of Sciences
•Promising treatments for gambling disorders
•More evidence for the role of genetics in the development of the disorder
•A greater understanding of youth gambling
•New instruments for accurately measuring, screening and diagnosing pathological gambling
•The first national survey of gambling on college campuses
•A more sophisticated understanding of the brain’s reward system
•A new understanding of addiction as a syndrome
•A better understanding of the health risks of casino employees
•A model for evaluating self-exclusion and treatment programs
•A framework for understanding gambling as a public health issue"
The effects of
DOPAMINE:
Recent studies have found that when we anticipate financial gains - whether at the gaming tables or on the stock market - an area of our brain known as the ventral striatum becomes activated and flooded with dopamine, a brain chemical linked to pleasurable sensations. The release of this chemical also occurs during physically rewarding activities such as eating, sex and taking drugs, and is a key factor behind our desire to repeat these activities.
Johns Hopkins University researchers reported that the social cost of excessive gambling “ranks among the most expensive illnesses afflicting society, though it is among the least expensive to treat”
Myths & Facts about Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling
MYTH: You have to gamble everyday to be a problem gambler.
FACT: A problem gambler may gamble frequently or infrequently. Gambling is a problem if it causes problems.
MYTH: Problem gambling is not really a problem if the gambler can afford it.
FACT: Problems caused by excessive gambling are not just financial. Too much time spent on gambling can lead to relationship breakdown and loss of important friendships.
MYTH: Partners of problem gamblers often drive problem gamblers to gamble.
FACT: Problem gamblers often rationalize their behavior. Blaming others is one way to avoid taking responsibility for their actions, including what is needed to overcome the problem.
MYTH: If a problem gambler builds up a debt, you should help them take care of it.
FACT: Quick fix solutions may appear to be the right thing to do. However, bailing the gambler out of debt may actually make matters worse by enabling gambling problems to continue.
Adapted from: Chris Lobsinger's Problem Gambling
http://www.listaholic.com/5-of-the-worst-gambling-losses-in-history.html
Meet Ann Klinestiver of West Virginia, an English teacher who was diagnosed with Parkinson's in 1991. When she began to take a drug to treat her disease, her life changed completely after one fateful day at the casino. Jonah discusses the neurotransmitter dopamine and the work of Wolfram Schultz, whose experiments with monkeys in the 1970s shed light on Ann's strange addiction and the deep desire for patterns inside us all.
Jonah Lehrer- uncertainty
in gambling causes dopamine
"high" :
Works Cited
“Gambling Facts and Statistics.” Overcoming Gambling. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.overcominggambling.com/facts.html#Questions>.
The Institute for Research on Gambling Disorders . N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.gamblingdisorders.org/project-grants/funded-project-grants>.
Lehrer, Jonah. “Are You Hardwired for Gambling?” youtube.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwNPTP40yy8>.
NCRG. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2010. <http://www.ncrg.org/research/key-research-findings.cfm>.
http://gambling77.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2010-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&updated-max=2011-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&max-results=3
http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/26762/the_seven_symptoms_of_a_compusive_gambler_pg2.html?cat=5
http://www.citizenlink.org/fosi/gambling/cog/a000001154.cfm
"You hold your breath as the wheel spins on the roulette table. You briefly close your eyes as the croupier deals you another card at the blackjack table. You stand frozen in place as the horse you bet on lunges toward the finish line.
At such moments - when you're anticipating the possibility of a financial reward - certain areas of your brain jump into action. The particular pattern of that activity, neuroscientists are now discovering, helps identify how risk-averse you are - not only when you're at the gambling table or the racetrack - but when you ponder any decision that involves some financial risk. Should you take a new job? Should you invest in a new business? Should you put your savings in potentially volatile stocks or in the "sure thing" of a bank certificate of deposit?
Those same neural patterns may also reveal whether you're at risk of becoming a pathological gambler, someone so addicted to gambling that you continue the activity even while mounting losses ruin your personal finances and relationships. An estimated 2 million Americans have this devastating impulse control disorder. Another 4 million to 8 million are problem gamblers, a slightly less severe form of compulsive gambling that leads to mild to moderate problems with daily life."
Wolfram Schultz:
"Wolfram Schultz-Anticipatory neural activity preceding behaviorally important events has been reported in cortex,
striatum, and midbrain dopamine neurons. Whereas dopamine neurons are phasically activated by reward-predictive
stimuli, anticipatory activity of cortical and striatal neurons is increased during delay periods before important events.
Characteristics of dopamine neuron activity resemble those of the prediction error signal of the temporal
difference (TD) model of Pavlovian learning (Sutton & Barto, 1990). This study demonstrates that the prediction signal
of the TD model reproduces characteristics of cortical and striatal anticipatory neural activity. This finding suggests that
tonic anticipatory activities may reflect prediction signals that are involved in the processing of dopamine neuron activity.-"
http://gambling77.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2010-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&updated-max=2011-01-01T00%3A00%3A00-08%3A00&max-results=3
http://portal.acm.org/beta/citation.cfm?id=J570&picked=prox&CFID=84024579&CFTOKEN=88526515
http://www.nyproblemgambling.org/
The Winning Phase - In the beginning, the compulsive gambler often experiences a “big win,” which results in more frequent gambling and increased wagers.
The Losing Phase - During this period, the compulsive gambler thinks only about gambling. Personality changes begin to develop. Lies, borrowing money, and cover-ups are common. The gambler can no longer control the gambling, and relationships with family, friends, and employers deteriorate.
The Desperation Phase - The gambler can no longer pay debts and looks for bailouts that could be legal or illegal. These actions are rationalized as a means of getting even or recovering their losses. As the “chase” continues, the gambler panics at the prospect that the action will stop.
The Hopeless Phase - At this point, serious consequences begin to occur, which may seem irreversible, such as arrests, divorce, alcohol or other substance abuse problems, emotional breakdowns, and serious withdrawal symptoms. Approximately 20% of the time, this type of despair may lead the gambler to attempt suicide.
It's just like alcohol or any other drug.
“You have state governments promoting lotteries. The message they’re conveying is that gambling is not a vice but a normal form of entertainment”-- Director for the National Center for Pathological Gambling
How Dopamine Rules Our Lives-- Gambling:
Part 2: Wolfram's study with monkeys
Part 1: Ann's story
Research Grants:
Key Findings:
The Institute for Research on Gambling Disorders is an independent program of the National Center for Responsible Gaming (NCRG). Its mission is to advance understanding of gambling disorders through the support of rigorous scientific research and public education.
How does Dopamine work?:
NCRG:
http://www.ncrg.org/research/key-research-findings.cfm
Works Cited:
http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm/index.aspx?pagename=brainBriefings_gambling