Normalization of Mental Illness: Reduction of Stigma

Effect of Attitude

on Reaction to Community Mental Facilities

• Benevolence and CMHI: Higher mean scores for "in favor"
• Authoritarianism and Social restrictiveness: Higher mean scores for "against"

Self-Stigma: Impact of Public Conception on Self Esteem

Stigmatization of Mental

Illness: Public Conception

Public Conceptions

Lead to Prejudice and Discrimination

• Fear and exclusion: people with SMI are dangerous and should be excluded.
• Authoritarianism: people with SMI are irresponsible so life decision made by others
• Benevolence: people with SMI are Child-like and must be cared for

Cycle of Stigma

public attitudes

Discrimination

Normalization of Mental Illness

Untreated Mental Illness and Disparity in Treatment

Scope of Mental Illness in the United States

'Homocidal Maniac'

'Lunatic'

'Deranged'

'Psycho'

Stigmatization of Mental Illness in Language

'Unstable'

By Kelvin Phan

Writing 39 C

Ms. Moskvina

'Crazy'

Positve Effects of Public Service Announcements

Argument for Institutions:

• Segregation allows for recovery.
• Provides order and routine
• Intended to provide humane individual treatment.

Reality of Institutions:

• Segregation alienates patients in principle
• Provides dull prison-like life
• Lack of funding causes low-maintenance custodial care in place of individualized treatment

• Result of Campaign and Messages Being Taken from Ads:
• 53% aware of advertisements
• 46%- mental illness is not shameful
• 46% -mental illness affects a wide range of people
• 42%- people should be less judgmental, more helpful

Stand Against Stigma Brave Faces Portrait Gallery- Steve Keyser

"Getting better has been a mixture of me wanting to get better, my willingness to experiment with medications to find the right one, counseling and being involved with people who view me as an asset. That was vital." -Steve Keyser

Mental Health Care Reform

Community-Based Strategies to Reduce Stigma

Improved Integration of Mental Health Care into current Health Care System

"The Brave Faces Portrait Gallery and True Colors Art Gallery use true stories of hope and recovery to fight stigma by improving our understanding of mental illness and suicide. "

Impact of Personal Narrative in Reducing Stigma

Result: Insignificant changes in stigma levels but participants open to discussion of stigma

Education: Early Intervention

• Workshops: Phase 1- Facilitator attempts to improve pupils' understanding of mental health and illness. Phase 2- Challenge stereotypical descriptions like "loony."
• Decrease distance between "us" and "them"- non medical approach
• Result: Improvement in attitudes
• Personal contact with those with mental illnesses strongly affected attitude scores

Self-Stigma: Teaching Coping Mechanisms to Protect Self-Esteem

References

Buddies of America

Ways to Get Involved

• Most Effective(Associated with Higher Self-Esteem: Positive stereotypes, community involvement, Humor
• Ineffective: Comparison with past, normalization, Info Seeking, Withdrawal
• Harmful: Secrecy, selective disclosure, overcompensation

global volunteer movement that creates opportunities for one-to-one friendships, integrated employment and leadership development for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities

• 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings. US Dept. HHS, SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality.
• CORRIGAN, PATRICK W, and AMY C WATSON. “Understanding the Impact of Stigma on People with Mental Illness.” World Psychiatry 1.1 (2002): 16–20. Print.
• Corrigan, P. W. (2000), Mental Health Stigma as Social Attribution: Implications for Research Methods and Attitude Change. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7: 48–67. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.7.1.48
• Hawke, Lisa D., Erin E. Michalak, Victoria Maxwell, and Sagar V. Parikh. "Reducing Stigma toward People with Bipolar Disorder: Impact of a Filmed Theatrical Intervention Based on a Personal Narrative."International Journal of Social Psychiatry 60 (2013): 741-50. Sage Journals. Web. 2 Mar. 2015.
• Ilic, M., J. Reinecke, G. Bohner, R. Hans-Onno, T. Beblo, M. Driessen, U. Frommberger, and P. W. Corrigan. "Protecting Self-esteem from Stigma: A Test of Different Strategies for Coping with the Stigma of Mental Illness." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 58.3 (2012): 246-57. Web.
• Penn, David L., and Shannon M. Couture. "Strategies for reducing stigma toward persons with mental illness." World Psychiatry 1.1 (2002): 20.
• Pinfold, V. "Reducing Psychiatric Stigma and Discrimination: Evaluation of Educational Interventions in UK Secondary Schools." The British Journal of Psychiatry 182.4 (2003): 342-46. Web.
• Scaling community attitudes toward the mentally ill.Taylor, S. Martin; Dear, Michael J.
• Schizophrenia Bulletin, Vol 7(2), 1981, 225-240.
• Scull, Andrew. "Mental Patients and the Community: A Critical Note."International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 9.3 (1986): 383-92. Web.
• Stuart, Heather. "Stigma and work." HealthcarePapers 5.2 (2003): 100-111.
• Vaughan, Gerard, and Chris Hansen. "‘Like Minds, Like Mine’: A New Zealand Project to Counter the Stigma and Discrimination Associated with Mental Illness." Australasian Psychiatry 12.2 (2004): 113-17. Web.

Impact of Contact with People Who Have SMI

• Recategorization theory: Contact results in change of outgroup classification. Patients are no longer a "them"
• Attribution theory: change in perception of illness as controllable changes feelings from anger to sympathy

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