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THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA: INTRODUCTION

What was the Scramble?

A "mad" rush by European countries to colonise the continent of Africa

Get as much as you can before the others do mentality.

European countries that were involved:

  • Belgium
  • Britain
  • France
  • Germany
  • Portugal
  • Spain
  • Italy

What drove the Scramble?

  • Nationalism: patriotic feelings of pride in your country, culture and civilization
  • Colonialism: policy of acquiring overseas territory for exploitation
  • Imperialism: policy of dominating other nations/countries by conquering their land (Empire building)
  • The desire for resources
  • It was believed that the African interior held vast untapped resources

Africa before the Scramble

For most of recorded History Europeans were content to stay on the coastal regions of Africa

1870s most of the continent was controlled by Africans

  • Britain and the Boer Republics controlled south Africa
  • France controlled Algeria
  • Ottoman Empire controlled Egypt
  • Portugal controlled the coastal regions of Angola and Mozambique
  • France controlled the Senegal Valley
  • Britain controlled Sierra Leone
  • Britain controlled a small colony at Lagos

Conquering Africa

By WWI the entire continent had been colonised by European countries

  • Two exceptions: Ethiopia and Liberia

Europeans powers exploited long standing rivalries between Africans

  • Divide and conquer

Europeans had newer and better technology

Africans had older technology

  • It was not always easy for Europeans to conquer areas
  • Long protracted wars or revolts
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