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Culturally Appropriate Intervention Strategies and Implications for Counselors

Sociopolitical and Ethical Considerations

  • Nonverbal cues can unconsciously reflect our biases and stereotypes
  • Communication styles among people of color may be denigrated and seen as inferior - what about our Code of Ethics?
  • Different counseling approaches utilize varied communication styles
  • Active, directive communication versus non-directive communication

Paralanguage

Overview

Defined as vocal cues other than words; i.e., loudness of voice, pauses, silences, etc.

  • Paralanguage can be misconstrued by professionals
  • Speaking loudly does not indicate anger and may be a cultural style

Context in Communication

Kinesics

  • Directness or frankness in conversation varies considerably among cultures
  • High-Context Communication
  • Physical over explicit communication
  • Low-Context Communication
  • Reliance on verbal cues over non-verbal cues - typically seen in Western culture
  • Examples?
  • Communication Styles
  • Nonverbal Cues
  • Proxemics and Kinesics
  • Paralanguage and Context
  • Sociopolitical and Ethical Considerations
  • Implications for Practice
  • Moment of Wellness!

Defined as bodily movements (facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and gestures)

  • In some cultures, smiling may indicate discomfort
  • Other cultures display vigorous handshakes
  • Hand gestures vary among cultures
  • Eye contact varies according to culture

Communication Styles

Nonverbal

Communication

Proxemics

  • Counselors and clients send and receive both verbal and nonverbal messages accurately and appropriately
  • We as counselors may be more concerned with the accuracy of communication than whether the communication is appropriate
  • Generally occurs outside the level of conscious awareness
  • Varies from culture to culture
  • Necessary within the context of

counseling

Perception and use of personal and interpersonal space

  • Violation may cause withdrawal, defensiveness, anger, or other conflict
  • Some cultures accept this closeness
  • Counselors may be regarded as cold or aloof if they back away
  • Counselors may misinterpret clients' closeness

Implications

  • No one style of counseling will be appropriate for all situations
  • Gain knowledge in the convergence of race/ethnicity, gender, and culture regarding communication styles
  • Become aware of your own style
  • Obtain additional training and education...consult, consult, consult!
  • Think ethically, holistically, and remember the need for openness and flexibility in building our skills

Victoria Sepulveda, Ph.D., LPC, CSAC, NCC

January 16, 2015

Moment of Wellness!

http://elementalproject.org/21-pictures-that-will-restore-your-faith-in-humanity/

References

Thank you!

  • American Counseling Association (2014). ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • Robinson, T. L. (2012). The convergence of race, ethnicity, and gender: Multiple identities in counseling (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
  • Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2013). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (6th ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Vontress, C. E., Johnson, J. A., & Epp, L. R. (1999). Cross-cultural counseling: A casebook. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Email: dr.victoria.sepulveda@gmail.com

Have a fantastic day!

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