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Salinity Intrusion in Bangladesh

Methodology

Anthropogenic Causes:

The study involved both sample analysis and internet research. The primary samples were collected from Bakerganj, Barisal and for comparison purposes samples acquired from Khulna and Dhaka. The samples were tested in Independent University Bangladesh (IUB) Environmental Lab.

A soil sample was also acquired from Bakerganj, Barisal but due to shortage of lab access time we were unable to measure its salinity.

All the natural processes are results of different factors coming together and finding a way to reach an equilibrium. Human interference is no different. Earth finds a way to balance the change caused by anthropogenic activities. The counter changes can be dynamic or take decades to even show a little evidence of change. Socioeconomic activities are causing damage faster than the Earth can heal itself.

Introduction

Thank you!

Q & A

Causes

  • Shrimp Farming
  • Groundwater Wells
  • Fertilizer
  • Anthropogenic Climate Change Induced Factors
  • Man-made disruptions and Diversions
  • Inability of Local Governance

Solution and Prevention of Further Degradation

The following mitigation of saltwater intrusion is requisite:

Monitoring and management strategies:

Saltwater intrusion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. Saltwater intrusion occurs naturally to some degree in most coastal aquifers, owing to the hydraulic connection between groundwater and seawater.

• IC card system: farmers are allocated with water quota and pay price for the use.

• Building an institution capacity for implementation and monitoring

• Parameters: Higher electrical conductivities are mostly due to salinity

• Marking the well

There are a number of ways by which salinity of both water and soil can be compromised. These means of salinity intrusion can be divided into two categories; Natural and Anthropogenic(caused by humans).

  • Physical Barriers
  • Salt-Resistant Plants
  • Desalinization Using Graphite

Effects

Mitigation

Natural causes:

• Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in Bangladesh

• In coastal part the drinking water is scarce to 40 million of population

• 53% of the coastal area is affected by salinity intrusion

• About 75% of cultivated land is irrigated by groundwater and the remaining 25% by surface water.

  • Sea level rise
  • Geographical location
  • Tidal Flooding
  • Groundwater flow
  • Evapotranspiration

Sample 1: Tube-well, Captain’s house, Choramoti Gram, Bakerganj, Barisal

E.C.: 1.63 dS/m

TDS: 1043.2 mg/L

Sample 2: Tube-well, beside Kirtonkona River, Barisal

E.C.: 2.12 dS/m

TDS: 1356.8 mg/L

Sample 3: Motored tap-water, WASA, Rampura, Dhaka

E.C: 0.2 dS/m

TDS: 128 mg/L

Sample 4: Dacope, Khulna

E.C: 4.18 dS/m

TDS: 2675.2 mg/L

Strategies to mitigate salinity intrusion in the coastal areas of Bangladesh based on:

• Causes of salinity

• Past schematized strategies

• Successful management measures applied in other countries

Projected changes in water salinity in 2050 in coastal Bangladesh with sea level rise

a) Effects on health

b) Effects on the Environment and the Ecology

c) Effects on the Economy

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