Irfan Ullah Khan
Khaqan Ali Khan
Nabeel Ahmed Khan
Direct Coal Liquefaction
Thank You
Selection of H-Coal
?
Q&A
Needs for Alternative Source of Fuel
Why H-coal?
- Has been on commercial scale for many years
- 60,000 hrs. of bench scale operation
- 10,000 hrs. of PDU operation
- Process tested on wide range of coals
- Effective catalyst
- Operates at lower temperature and pressure
- Reduced hydrogen consumption
- Reduction in petroleum reserves
- Increasing demand of transportation fuels
- Economics of petroleum imports
- Large, unutilized coal reserves of Pakistan
Summary of Material & Energy Balance
Project Description
- Sub-Bituminous Coal
- H-Coal Process
- Capacity 100 bbl/day of Syncrude Oil
Types of DCL
Coal Conversion
Technologies
- H-Coal Process
- Solvent Refined Coal(I&II)
- Exxon Donor Solvent
- Imhausen High Pressure Process
- Conoco Zinc Chloride Process
- Kohleoel Process – Ruhrkohle
- Nedol Process
Two major types of technologies:
- Indirect Coal Liquefaction (ICL)
- Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL)
DCL
ICL
Catalyst Development
Chemistry
Basics of DCL
Why DCL?
The aim is to increase the H/C ratio:
- Converts high sulfur content coal
- Reserves in Pakistan are of low rank
- DCL is applicable mainly to low rank coals
- ICL produces mostly lighter gases
- Yield of fuel in DCL is more than ICL
- DCL can be operated in two modes
- Syn-Crude Mode
- Fuel Oil Mode
- Catalyst development
- Equipment Design
- Cost analysis
- Verification of results using simulation packages (ASPEN-PLUS)
- ICOMS 2013
- Suggestions
1. Metallic catalyst is used
2. Active metal catalyst is supported over a ceramic base
3. Techniques to develop catalyst:
a. Impregnation
b. Ion exchange
c. Precipitation
d. Co-precipitation
e. Deposition
Process Description:
- Dissolution
- Hydrocracking and Hydrotreating
- Heat
- Pressure
- Catalyst
H-Coal Process
Reaction
Future Plans
Upgrading H/C
Ratio
a.Cleavage of aromatic rings
b.Formation of intermediate rings
c.Stabilization of intermediates
Supervised By: Shahid Hussain Ansari
photo credit Nasa / Goddard Space Flight Center / Reto Stöckli