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Irfan Ullah Khan

Khaqan Ali Khan

Nabeel Ahmed Khan

Direct Coal Liquefaction

Thank You

Selection of H-Coal

?

Q&A

Needs for Alternative Source of Fuel

Why H-coal?

  • Has been on commercial scale for many years
  • 60,000 hrs. of bench scale operation
  • 10,000 hrs. of PDU operation
  • Process tested on wide range of coals
  • Effective catalyst
  • Operates at lower temperature and pressure
  • Reduced hydrogen consumption
  • Reduction in petroleum reserves
  • Increasing demand of transportation fuels
  • Economics of petroleum imports
  • Large, unutilized coal reserves of Pakistan

Summary of Material & Energy Balance

Project Description

  • Sub-Bituminous Coal
  • H-Coal Process
  • Capacity 100 bbl/day of Syncrude Oil

Types of DCL

Coal Conversion

Technologies

  • H-Coal Process
  • Solvent Refined Coal(I&II)
  • Exxon Donor Solvent
  • Imhausen High Pressure Process
  • Conoco Zinc Chloride Process
  • Kohleoel Process – Ruhrkohle
  • Nedol Process

Two major types of technologies:

  • Indirect Coal Liquefaction (ICL)
  • Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL)

DCL

ICL

Catalyst Development

Chemistry

Basics of DCL

Why DCL?

The aim is to increase the H/C ratio:

  • Converts high sulfur content coal
  • Reserves in Pakistan are of low rank
  • DCL is applicable mainly to low rank coals
  • ICL produces mostly lighter gases
  • Yield of fuel in DCL is more than ICL
  • DCL can be operated in two modes
  • Syn-Crude Mode
  • Fuel Oil Mode
  • Catalyst development
  • Equipment Design
  • Cost analysis
  • Verification of results using simulation packages (ASPEN-PLUS)
  • ICOMS 2013
  • Suggestions

1. Metallic catalyst is used

2. Active metal catalyst is supported over a ceramic base

3. Techniques to develop catalyst:

a. Impregnation

b. Ion exchange

c. Precipitation

d. Co-precipitation

e. Deposition

Process Description:

  • Dissolution
  • Hydrocracking and Hydrotreating
  • Heat
  • Pressure
  • Catalyst

H-Coal Process

Reaction

Future Plans

Upgrading H/C

Ratio

a.Cleavage of aromatic rings

b.Formation of intermediate rings

c.Stabilization of intermediates

Supervised By: Shahid Hussain Ansari

photo credit Nasa / Goddard Space Flight Center / Reto Stöckli

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