flying shuttle: made weaving faster

Contribution

The Bessemer Process

Contribution

The Second Industrial Revolution

Coal and Iron Industries

The First Industrial Revolution

New Patterns

Cotton Cloth Production

In Britain

• Steamboats made transportation easy on the waterways of the United States

Very important to the transportation of the US were the railroads.

• The country became a single massive market for the manufactured goods of the Northeast

The Cottage Industry

• Bessemer process (Henry Bessemer):
• Made high quality steel efficiently and cheaply
• New form of energy: Electricity

New Inventions:

• First practical generator.
• Electric lights and steam dynamo (Thomas Edison).
• Light bulb (Joseph Swan).
• The telephone (Alexander Graham Bell).

Building railroads caused ripple effect in economy:

• New jobs for farm laborers and peasants.
• Less expensive transportation= Lower priced goods=larger markets.
• More sales= more factories= more machinery
• Business owners could reinvest profits in new equipment adding to the growth of the economy

Puddling (Henry Cort): produced high quality iron.

• Coal and iron contributed to the making of new factories.
• Coal production increased because of high demand for steam engines.
• It made Great Britain the leading country in the iron industry in Europe.

Impact of The Second Industrial Revolution

Henry Ford:

• Assembly line: a new manufacturing method.
• Led to more efficient mass production of goods
• Automobiles
• broadened the transportation system
• suburbs expanded
• new roads built

Contribution: Britain's importing of cotton cloth destroyed India's cotton industry. (India is Britain's most important colony because of its natural resources).

• "Flying Shuttle": made weaving faster.
• "Spinning Jenny": spun thread faster (James Hargreaves).
• Water-Powered Loom: made the weaving of cloth catch up to the spinning of thread (Edmund Cartwright).
• Contribution: Became efficient because it brought workers to new machines, and workers lived close to factories.

• An increased urban population
• New social structure
• The New Elite
• The Diverse Middle Classes
• The Working Classes
• An increased awareness in women's rights
• right to vote
• equal job opportunities
• equal pay for equal work
• equal opportunity in school academics and athletics
• Level of education arose
• Separation of work and leisure

Assembly Line by Henry Ford

Social Impact in Europe

Steam Dynamo in Edison Electric Light Company

Contributions of Electricity

The Industrial Revolution

• Cities grew
• Two new social classes:
• The Industrial Middle Class
• The Industrial Working Class
• Socialism grew as a result.

Population growth led to wretched living conditions for many.

Railroads

Electricity transformed factories:

• They now had conveyor belts.
• Cranes and machines.
• Opened 24/7.

The Rocket at the Science Museum, London.

North America

Who Benefited from The Second Industrial Revolution?

Steam Engine

Improved by James Watt

Internal Combustion Engine

• Richard Trevithick invented the first steam locomotive.
• It pulled 10 tons of ore and 70 people at 5 mph.
• George Stephenson invented the Blucher, a flanged-wheel locomotive.
• Stockton and Darlington: the first railroad.
• Encouraged investors to link by rail the rich cotton manufacturing town of Manchester with the thriving port of Liverpool.
• The Rocket: a locomotive selected to link Liverpool and Manchester by rail.

• Provided a new source of power in transportation.
• Led to first flight in a fixed-wing plane (Wright Brothers).

America had a large increase in population so they needed a good transportation system to move goods across the nation.

• Robert Fulton: built first paddle wheel steamboat

^ The Clermont ^

Europe's two economic zones:

• Great Britain, Belgium, France, The Netherlands, Germany, Western part of Austro-Hangarian Empire, Northern Italy
• benefited greatly
• had high standard of living
• descent transportation
• Southern Italy, most of the Austria Hungary, Spain, Portugal, the Balkan Kingdom, Russia
• did not benefit
• strongly agricultural
• provided food and raw materials for the first economic zone

Works Cited

Was used to spin and weave cotton.

• Workers don't need to stay near rivers anymore.
• Cotton industry became more productive.

The Internal Combustion Engine

The Wright Brothers Plane

Steam Engine

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First and Second Industrial Revolution

Inventions and their Impacts on Society

Jude Abdel-latif - Sarah Abisourour - Rama Najib