HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

3. A landslide is the movement of a mass of rocks, soil, and debris down a slope. It can be triggered by heavy rainfall.

Example: September 20, 2018

Death toll in Naga, Cebu, landslide now at 78. At least 10 others are injured, while it is unclear how many remain missing.

OBJECTIVES

Typhoon Hazards

What is hydrometeorological hazard?

At the end of the lesson, students you should be able to:

1. Describe the various hazards that may happen in the event of tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and ipo-ipo;

2. Understand the characteristics of these hazards

3. Give practical ways of coping with hydrometeorological hazards caused by tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo.

Tropical cyclones or typhoons bring about hazards that may cause adverse effects on organisms and their environment.

1. A flood is an overflow of water over a normally dry land. Due to heavy rainfall brought by a typhoon, the water levels in dams and rivers increase. The water then overflows to nearby land areas. A flood can damage houses, buildings, and bridges.

Typhoon Hazards

2. Flash flood, which is a sudden, rapid flooding, may cause drowning and fatal injuries.

Typhoon Hazards

4. A strong sustained wind is often brought by a typhoon. It can damage or destroy vehicles, buildings, bridges, fields, and plantations. ex. Typhoon Ompong (285 km/h 180 mph) .

5. A storm surge is an abnormal rise of sea water due to a typhoon. It is created when water is being pushed toward the shore by the force of the winds moving in a circular manner. It ravages beaches and coastal areas.

A hydrometeorological hazard is a result of weather system or an event that may cause harm to property and life as a result of a hydrometeorological process such as tropical cyclone, monsoon, flood, and ipo-ipo.

Super Typhoon Yolanda (International name Haiyan) was one of the most powerful typhoons ever recorded. It caused massive destruction in the Philippines on November 9, 2013. Strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges caused widespread damage to properties and loss of lives. About 6000 people died and 28 000 were injured because of the typhoon.

Monsoon

Tropical Cyclone

A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind in the South and Southeast Asia. It brings a different kind of weather depending on where it comes from. When it blows from the southwest between May and September, it brings rainy weather. When it blows from the northeast between October and April, it brings dry weather. In the Philippines, the southwest monsoon brings about heavy rainfall.

EFFECTS OF MONSOON

The only difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon is the location where the storm occurs.

Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons are all the same weather phenomenon; we just use different names for these storms in different places. In the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, the term “hurricane” is used. The same type of disturbance in the Northwest Pacific is called a “typhoon” and “cyclones” occur in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.

What is the difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon?

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating low-pressure system that forms over tropical oceans. It is called typhoon in the Philippines. The typhoons entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) are given a local name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). This agency monitors and disseminates information about weather disturbances.

Southwest Monsoon Hazards

A monsoon may bring about the same hazards caused by a typhoon. It may cause heavy rainfall, strong wind, landslide, and flood.

• Heavy rainfall and strong wind can damage residential and industrial buildings. It can also destroy agricultural crops.

• A landslide may happen when the soil becomes saturated with water due to heavy rainfall. The soil and rocks from the slope can move down and destroy many properties along the way.

• A flood may occur due to heavy rainfall that saturates the soil and causes an overflow of water to dry land areas.

Ways of coping with hazards

Ipo-ipo

An ipo-ipo (tornado) is a violently spinning wind on land that appears like a funnel-shaped cloud. It can destroy large buildings, uproot trees, and hurl vehicles.

Ipo-Ipo Hazard

The strong whirling wind can lift and hurl objects it encounters no matter how heavy the object is. It causes destruction of houses, buildings, dams, and bridges. The lifted objects may also cause injuries and death upon impact.

1. Hazard adaptation-identify potential hazards and their potential impacts and effects to the community.

2. Risk reduction-Measures to reduce the frequency or severity of losses brought about by the effects of hazards.

3. Disaster mitigation-These are measures or methods or strategies that eliminate or at least reduce the impacts and risks of hazards.

Key Points

ASSIGNMENT

EXAMPLE:

On August 1 to 8, 2012, the southwest monsoon (Habagat) caused typhoon-like damage in Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Heavy rainfall caused the Marikina River to overflow, triggered a landslide, and caused the collapse of roads and bridges. The floods and rain left 95 people dead and damaged 8,000 houses.

1. Create a route map showing how the class will evacuate, how to go about the area before finally reaching the set evacuation site.

2. Signage must be prepared and posted to designated area. This activity must be coordinated with the school.

APPLICATION

1. How does an ipo-ipo cause injuries and death?

2. What should you do when there is a strong typhoon?

3. List down at least five best place to hide when there is a tornado?

• A hydrometeorological hazard is a condition or event that may cause harm to property and life as a result of a hydrometeorological process such as tropical cyclone, monsoon, flood, and ipo-ipo.

• A typhoon is a rapidly rotating low-pressure system that forms over tropical oceans. It may bring about strong winds, flood, landslide, and storm surge.

• A flood is an overflow of water over a normally dry land.

• A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind in the South and Southeast Asia. In the Philippines, the southwest monsoon may bring about heavy rainfall, landslide, and flood.

• A tornado or ipo-ipo is a violently spinning wind on land that appears like a funnel-shaped cloud. The strong whirling wind brought by a tornado can lift and hurl objects it encounters.

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

by: Allan Jay Daligdig