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Transcript

Sources

Overview

  • National Transportation safety Board

  • Federal Aviation Administration

  • Air Line Pilots Association

www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2007/AA0701.pdf

www.faa.gov

www.alpa.org

  • Flight History
  • Causes of the Accident
  • Human Factors
  • Aerodynamic Factors
  • Recommendations
  • Conclusion

Pinnacle Airlines

Flight 3701

by: Travis Nelson

Andrew Porter

Recommendations

Flight History

  • Improved high-altitude training in regional jet aircraft

  • Require air carriers to provide high alt. operations training and stall recovery techniques in the simulator

  • Verify that all Canadair regional jet operators incorporate guidance in their double engine failure checklist that clearly states the airspeeds required during the procedure

  • Encourage engine manufacturers to perform research to find engines susceptible to core lock

and update flight manuals of the importance of a

minimum safe airspeed during restart

- Aircraft was on a re-location flight.

- Part 121 Operated on an IFR flight plan with cruise at 33,000 ft MSL

- Company provided flight plan

- The crew climbed to 41,000 ft MSL (maximum aircraft operating altitude)

- Both engines flamed out, were never re-started and the aircraft eventually impacted

the ground

High Altitude Stall

Human Factor:

Flight Crew Conduct

Engine Core Lock

Compressor stall/Flame-out

- Deviations from flight plan

- Climbing to FL410

- Deviations from standard operating procedures

- Company altitude restrictions above FL370

- Hazardous actions and attitudes

- Aggressive/abrupt control inputs

  • Aircraft was operating at their maximum operating altitude. 41,000 feet. Entering the 410 club for a short time.

  • They were at a full power setting, and nearing their stall speed.

  • Region of reverse command.

  • Once the engines lost power they quickly lost airspeed causing a stall, much like MCA.

  • They were able to recover from this situation.
  • Engines are made up of different metals, they have a specific heat value.

  • They heat up and cool down at different rates.

  • As we know, objects expand when heated and retract when cooled.

  • The turbine binds up in the hot section, preventing it from spinning.
  • The engine no longer has the airflow to compress the air. Because the aircraft was at such a high pitch angle, the engines did not have the required airflow to continue running.

  • As a result, the engine stalls, or loses power.

  • In this case, the aircraft had a dual engine flame-out, potentially caused by a compressor stall at high altitude.

  • As we go higher in altitude, the air becomes less dense, making it more difficult to take in enough air to compress into the engine.

  • High angles of attack meant that the engine airflow was interrupted, losing the pressure required for proper compression.

Accident Causes

  • Misconduct of the flight crew

  • Thrill seeking behavior

  • Inadequate Airline Procedures

  • Aircraft and Engine Manufacturers and certificating agencies
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