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Transcript

Sioux Attack on Fort Phil Kearny

Parallelism

"His presence here is an insult and a threat. It is an insult to the spirits of our ancestors."

Hear ye, Dakotas! When the Great Father at Washington sent us his chief soldier to ask for a path through our hunting grounds, a way for his iron road to the mountains and the western sea, we were told that they wished merely to pass through our country, not to tarry among us, but to seek for gold in the far west. Our old chiefs thought to show their friendship and good will when they allowed this dangerous snake in our midst. They promised to protect wayfarers.

Yet before the ashes of the council are cold, the Great Father is building his forts among us. You have heard the sound of the white soldier's ax upon the Little Piney. His presence here is an insult and a threat. It is an insult to the spirits of our ancestors. Are we then to give up their sacred graves to be plowed for corn? Dakotas, I am for war!

- Emotional effect

-personal

Rhetorical Question

“Are we then to give up their sacred graves to be plowed for corn?”

- The answer is obvious, NO!

- Preceded by usage of imagery and emotional appeal

Imagery mixes with emotional appeal leading to the rhetorical question

- Resentment

Our old chiefs thought to show their friendship and good will when they allowed this dangerous snake in our midst. They promised to protect the wayfarers.

It is an insult to the spirits of our ancestors. Are we then to give up their sacred graves...

Yet before the ashes of the council fire are cold, the Great Father is building his fort among us.

to be plowed for corn?

Insult and Threat: Chief Red Cloud uses these words to rile up the anger into his fellow villagers, he wants them to want to fight for what they know and love, their ancestors.

Sacred Grounds: the word sacred has the sense of holiness, something that only God can make/give, these people must fight for what is the most valuable because they know that their loved ones lay in the soil of these grounds. These grounds pertain to them and so war shall rise through their hearts and they should act on these feeling because they will not allow their history to be degraded to “corn crops.”

War: Blood and death brings sorrow yet it turns the tone to determination. This man is willing to lose his life in order to keep these lands as Sacred” as his ancestors left it and is the only option is to kill these men to get them out he is willing to do it.

Tarry(remain): brings a sense of a unwanted presence, which is exactly what Chief Red Cloud wants to imply, that these men were not wanted on these grounds.

Friendship and good will:

Is used to bring a sense of trust between the Dakotas and “white soldiers.” A trust that was broken by the white men.

Dangerous snake: a serpent of any kind has always been viewed as a danger but adding dangerous to support the words brings a larger sense of a threat to the Dakotas by the “white soldiers.”

Promised to Protect: These people had allowed strangers onto their land thinking that it was going to remain the same to only be fooled by the white men.

Loaded words

Tarry

Friendship and good will

Dangerous snake

Promised to protect

Ashes & Spirits

Insult and threat

Sacred Grounds

War

Logos

: A rhetorical device used to convey the author's message through reason/logic.

-White soldiers were granted permission to pass through indian hunting grounds

-Their ancestors were being friendly and promised to protect the travelers

-White soldiers, however, abused Indian generosity by creating forts along the route

-White soldiers lied to them about just passing by

Pathos

: A rhetorical device used to convey the author's message through emotion/feeling.

-Refers often to Indian ancestors, who are held in high regard, so the people can relate emotionally

-The "white soldiers" present is an insult and threat to them. Compared to a dangerous snake

- Using emotion by saying the scared graves of ancestors will be used to plant corn.

- Wants war to address the white soldier's transgressions.

Syntax

"When the Great Dakotas Father at Washington sent us his chief solider to ask for a path through our hunting grounds, a way for his iron road to the mountains and the western sea, we were told to pass our country, not to tarry among us, but to seek for gold in the far west." 

- Briefly explains the issue at hand

- Informs the audience of what is really going on

- The big "but" 

Text Analysis

- The first paragraph is mainly used to describe the situation; it recounts the false promises and broken agreements that the Sioux had to deal with.

- He uses the words "his," "they," and "our" throughout the first paragraph which demonstrates that the Sioux have no interest in unity with the settlers.

- Do not refer to the mountains and sea as their own; demonstrates respect and reverence towards nature.

- Use of loaded words to provoke sympathy

Hear ye, Dakotas! When the Great Father at Washington sent us his chief soldier to ask for a path through our hunting grounds, a way for his iron road to the mountains and the western sea, we were told that they wished merely to pass through our country, not to tarry among us, but to seek for gold in the far west. Our old chiefs though to show their friendship and good will when they allowed this dangerous snake in our midst. They promised to protect the wayfarers.

- Transition words

- Imagery

- Emotional appeal

- Loaded words

- Rhetorical question

Yet before the ashes of the council fire are cold, the Great Father is building his forts among us. You have heard the sound of the white soldier’s ax upon the Little Piney. His presence here is an insult and a threat. It is an insult to the spirits of our ancestors. Are we then to give up their sacred graves to be plowed for corn? Dakotas, I am for war!

Speaker: Oglala Sioux Chief Red Cloud

Tone:

Resentful

Effect: delineate the natives as the victims.

Effect: Show that they’re innocent

Criticizing

Effect: criticizes the white people

Effect: why natives are mad at white people

Disappointing

Effect: similar effect as resentful; shows the loss of hope.

Sarcastic

Effect: Sense of criticism towards president

Subject: Trust of the Sioux betrayed, disastrous actions of the white soldiers.

Occasion: Speech done a week before a Sioux attack on Fort Phil Kearny

Audience and Purpose:

Oglala Sioux Chief Red Cloud’s speech had a purpose and it was to evoke anger and to encourage an act of either backlash or justice had to be done. The soldiers were sent from Washington and they came to take what was theirs and as a result he became enraged. This caused Red Cloud to advise his people (his audience) that they shouldn’t allow the American troops to just walk to their land and take their territory. His speech is addressed to the Dakota Council. Red Cloud mentions that they supposedly wanted to just walk through, but that they instead took their land.

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