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Social order

Value Consensus – People need to be taught the norms and values of society that will guide them in their future behaviours and thinking.

Core values of society need to be taught and shared.

Members of society should agree on what counts as important values and standards of behaviour.

What do you think the main norms and values of society are?

Who do you think teaches us these norms and values?

SOCIAL ORDER

By having a society that works on bringing about patterns of shared and stable behaviour can help promote social order

Society is made up of lots of parts that keep the whole system going

All of the components in the chart below play a part in maintaining a stable society from generation to generation

Economic systems

(Work)

Mass media

Political systems

Functionalist parts of society

Last week:

Functionalism looks at society as a living thing like a human being

Religion

Cultural systems

Definition of sociology:

'study of society and how society influences our behaviour.'

Family and Kinship

Youth culture

Education

Key institutions in our society:

  • family politics health
  • work education politics
  • mass media religion

The Body

Every part of the body has a function which helps to keep it alive and healthy

The human body grows and develops

All the parts of the body link together into one big system

The body fights disease

Society

Every part of society helps to keep society going – for example, the family helps by bringing up the next generation

Societies gradually develop change

All of the parts of society work together and depend upon each other – they are interdependent

Society has mechanisms to deal with problems when they occur, such as the police and the legal system

Culture, values and norms

What did we do last week?

Socialisation: primary and secondary

Think about your first sociology session and, in pairs, write down the main points.

Sociology

Functionalist theory:

Structural theory

The individual is less important than the society as a whole.

Society is more important because the individual is produced by societal structures.

Consensus

What is consensus?

Group debate

Conflict Theory

Take notes during this video. Write down words you do not understand. Then produce a list of questions to answer in class.

  • Functionalism

Structuralist approaches (theories)

  • Marxism
  • Feminism

1. Do you think there is a common value system in our society to which most people would subscribe? What is this system?

2. Do you think we are programmed by our socialisation or do we have freedom of choice?

Agreement (also known as CONSENSUS) on what is right and wrong, is the basis of social life.

Without CONSENSUS, society would collapse into chaos where no one would be able to agree on how people should conduct themselves.

CONSENSUS and having shared values enables us to co-operate with each other and this provides unity.

Having CONSENSUS provides harmony.

People are the product of all other social influences – family, friends, education, religion, experience at work, leisure and mass media

Unit 7 - Marxism, Functionalism P1

session 2

Today:

Are sometimes called social systems or structuralist approaches.

* Emphasise the power of society over the individual.

* Believe the individual is largely controlled by society.

* Think that society is in us, moulding our thoughts and directing our actions.

* Argue that we are socialised in terms of the culture of society.

* Say that our behaviour is shaped by the social structure,

we are kept in line by mechanisms of social control,

we learn roles, norms and values and act accordingly.

Division of labour – Looks at jobs and skills in society. All members of society rely on the organization of jobs and skills. All members of society are dependent on the division of labour to maintain standards of living we take for granted.

Theorists

George Murdock (1949)

Talcott Parsons (1951)

  • Explain the key principles of the Functionalist perspective.
  • Explain the key principles of Marxist perspective.

Wrote about the American society

The family has 2 basic functions:

1.The preliminary socialisation

2. The stabilisation of adult personalities – in a stressful and demanding world the family provides warmth and emotional security, especially for the male breadwinner.

Marxist Theory

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Marx believed society was divided into 2 components:

Studied 250 small societies worldwide.

Came to the conclusion that the basic human grouping is the nuclear family.

Sees family as the body of society with 4 functions:

  • Sexual
  • Reproduction
  • Socialising
  • Economic

In your groups answer the following questions

Bourgeoisie – The bosses, the ruling class, the rich, the employers.

Proletariat – The workers, the poor or the employees.

Do you think there is a common value system in our society to which most people would subscribe?

So do you think we are programmed by our socialisation or do we have some freedom of choice?

Criticism of functionalism

Marxism

Declined in popularity since the 1950s. Part of this is the problems it had at explaining all the diversity and conflict that existed in society from the 1960s onwards.

Over emphasis of consensus and failing to explain the social conflicts of today – clear cultural differences present in the same society.

Ignoring freedom of choice.

Socialisation is a positive process that never fails. If this were the case then you would have no crime and deviance.

The bourgeoisie benefit in every way from society whereby the workers get far less than they deserve.

Like functionalism, Marxism believes the society is more important than the behaviour of an individual.

Society is exploitative and has an unequal relationship between the two classes.

An unequal society!

The bourgeoisie are economically dominant (own means of production).

The proletariat only own their ability to work, and sell this to the bourgeoisie.

Bourgeoisie aim to extract the maximum labour from workers at the lowest possible cost.

...an example

Marxist Ideology

Use sociological terminology to describe the principal sociological perspectives.

Functionalism

Marxism

Feminism

The New Right

Collectivism

Interactionism

Postmodernism (P1)

What did we study today?

THE FAMILY

Like functionalists, Marxists see the family as important to a stable society.

Marxists also see it as a capitalist servant; the family provides the socialisation of children that prepares them for work.

Children have limited power in the family so they are prepared to be obedient to bosses.

Also provides a secure comfortable place of rest to ensure workers are refreshed for work.

Think about!!

How come the working class go along with this?

Why aren't there rebellions or revolutions?

Why does society seem quite stable, with most people quite content?

Ruling class also hold power in other institutions that shape society: mass media, the legal system or education.

Socialisation comes from ruling class ideologies.

Criticisms of Marxism

HOMEWORK!!!

Write 200 words describing Functionalism

Write 200 words describing Marxism

Hand in the document on moodle, under homework section for this lesson.

By now you should know:

What Functionalism is and its disadvantages

What Marxism is and it disadvantages

I know it’s a lot to think about but hopefully that has helped you understand!

This is so successful the proletariat rarely realise they are even being exploited – This is called 'false consciousness'.

Does not accommodate individual choice

Too much emphasis on different class interests

The standard of living in industrial societies today have improved and employees and employers share some common interest

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