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Transcript

The Red River Settlement

SS 10 Blk 1-2

Nicole P, Marissa W, Isabel L, Tanya Z, Jadranka D, Paula S

The End!

from 1860-1870

Question #2

Discuss why both the Canadian government and the HBC might have ignored the interests of those living in the red River valley.

THE HBC:

  • HBC members might have ignored the interests of those living in the Red River Valley because they had lost interest in the area. The reason being that more crop failures occurred and bison hunts became less successful (many economic failures).
  • The Metis did not legally own the land, the employers of the HBC had ownership of the land.

THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT:

  • The government (including John A. Macdonald) was interested in the expansion and wanted to create a dominion of Canada from coast to coast, which might have been why the Canadian government ignored those living in the Red River Valley.
  • Also, the government assumed that the metis did not legally own the land, and therefore, it was not theirs.

Question #1

How did immigrants from Canada drastically change the composition of the population of the Red River settlement between 1860 and 1870?

Besides bringing new cultures, the immigrants drastically changed the balance of the population of the Red River Settlement.

  • Most of the newcomers were protestant and members of the orange order (anti-French and anti-Catholic movement), brining tension between the people.
  • The English speaking metis (protestant) were discriminated because they were First Nations. The French metis were also discriminated because of their catholic religion and their language.
  • There was a high increase in the settlers in the 1860’s therefore the HBS’s influence of the fur trade declined (the immigrants took over good farmland).

Pg. 156

Canada purchases Rupert's land

- John A. Macdonald was interested in creating a dominion of Canada from coast to coast. The HBC realized that running Rupert's Land was becoming too expensive, so they gave up control.

- After the confederation, the Canadian government and the HBC began negotiations to transfer control of Rupert's Land (without consulting those living in the Red River settlement).

  • Rumours of this deal circulated and this worried the metis.
  • Government surveyors surveyed the Red River Settlement and assumed that the riverside farms of the metis were not legally owned (the metis never possessed “official” ownership of the land).
  • The metis believed that if they cleared and farmed any land, they owned it. But there was no legal survey of land holdings in the Red River Valley.

- In 1869, an agreement on the transfer of Rupert's land was signed.

  • The Canadian government joined Rupert's land with the North-Western Territory and remained the entire region “the North west territories” (1870).

John A. Macdonald

Pg. 155

Arrival of Newcomers

In 1860, the fur trade began to decline. The new growing population created new influences and cultures to the religions. With these new arrivals, the good farmland had been taken; the Red River Valley was appealing since it had an established community and fertile soil.

Rising Tensions

NOTES

(fill in the blanks on your handouts)

Most of the immigrants were protestant and members of the orange order (anti-French or anti-Catholic) so they increased racial tension by discriminating the metis.

  • French metis were discriminated against the most because of their language and their catholic religion.
  • English metis were also discriminated against because they were first nations.

In 1861, one of the first metis to arrive was “Doctor” John Christian Shultz, who opened a general store and used the “Nor'wester” (the only newspaper in the settlement) as a platform for his anti-metis views.

In 1860 he organized a small group of supporters into a Canadian party, hoping one day to gain political control of the party.

John Christian Schultz

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