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Unconditional Surrender

http://www.nisk.k12.ny.us/fdr/ideas/portfolio/hoag/gifs/43012805.GIF

Unconditional Surrender http://www.nisk.k12.ny.us/fdr/ideas/portfolio/hoag/gifs/43012702.GIF

Unconditional Surrender

The Casablanca Conference

  • The only way to ensure postwar peace, they decided, was unconditional surrender
  • Focused on destruction of philosophies, not the populations of the Axis
  • Situation after WWI could only be avoided by unconditional surrender of Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Who, what, when, and where?

Who: President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill

What: Conference about future global military strategy for the western Allies.

When: January 12–23, 1943

Where: Casablanca, Morocco

Roosevelt and Churchill in Morocco

http://fdrlibrary.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/jan14-2-img.jpg

The Shared Goal of the Conference

What was agreed on

All agreed that a Second Front for the fighting was necessary, though they didn't all agree with how this should be enacted

Roosevelt wanted:

  • Decisive Concentration: concentration of all Allied forces to force a decisive clash
  • Quick action

Churchill wanted:

  • To wear down: "implode" Axis power by a combination of blockade, bombing, sabotage and subversion, peripheral campaigns and then a final assault.
  • Slower, meticulous action

  • Europe First policy continued without ignoring Pacific
  • Invasion of Sicily and continuation of supply shipping to Soviets
  • Germany was too strong to be attacked all at once, so "wear down" policy was necessary until 1944 when decisive action would be taken
  • Strategic bombing of Germany would be enacted full-scale

Extra Discussion

  • FDR and Churchill also found time to discuss Nuclear bombs and the future of the war effort in France

Guest Book from the Villa in Casablanca

http://fdrlibrary.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/guestbook.jpg

Context

FDR, Churchill, de Galle, and Giraud

http://ww2today.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Roosevelt-Churchil-deGaulle-Giraud.jpeg

  • The Allies hadn't met since June of 1942
  • The logistics for the next military advancements were still up in the air
  • Though Stalin was invited, he couldn't leave Russia in the midst of a huge offensive push

Fears and Concerns

  • The British worried that the US would invest too many resources into the Pacific and act too quickly in the creation of the second front
  • The Americans feared that the British would worry too little about the Pacific and prolong the war

More from Casablanca

http://schillerinstitute.org/graphics/photos/hist_other/fdr_churchill_Casablanca_Conference.jpg

Roosevelt and Churchill deep in discussion

http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2009/05/03/books/conant-600.jpg

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