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Stages of Skill Acquisition

The learning of motor skills has been categorised into a three-stage process

Associative Stage

Cognitive Stage

Autonomous Stage

  • The second stage of skill acquisition is the associative stage, which is identified by an emphasis on practice.
  • Leaner needs to repeat the movement to enhance the synchronisation of their mind and muscles.
  • Errors still occur, but are smaller and less frequent than cognitive stage.
  • Feedback is again essential to improve the skill, which the learner repeats frequently in practice.
  • Learners can remain at this stage for a long period, even years.
  • The first stage of skill learning is the cognitive stage. The fundamental requirement here is that the athlete gains an understanding of the task required.
  • Demonstrations, videos and information highlighting the important points can help guide the learner through the skill.
  • Coaches must be very careful to avoid an information overload.
  • It is expected that the learner will encounter problems, the number and magnitude of which will depend on the difficulty of the skill. The learner may experience error, awkwardness and some disorientation.
  • The learner should receive continuous feedback or information on their progress.
  • Rates of progress through the cognitive stage vary from one individual to another.
  • Much depends on how the sequences of skill building are organised, both physically and in the mind of the learner

  • The third stage of skill acquisition is the autonomous stage, which is characterised by the ability to automatically execute the skill.
  • Execution of the movement is now properly sequenced and performed instinctively.
  • Their movement has a characteristic fluency as the sub-routines sequence and blend in aesthetically pleasing motions.
  • The most important feature is that they are able to attend to other cues while giving little thought to how to perform the skill
  • Practice is still important during the autonomous stage, but mostly involves simulating the competition situation.

Activity

Inquiry Activity: Factors that influence progress in learning a motor skill

Select a few skills and describe the quality of movement and types of errors that an individual may display during the cognitive stage. For one of these skills list verbal cues that a coach should give to an individual in the cognitive stage to assist in their skill acquisition.

Describe the rates of advancement through learning stages. Discuss factors that allow some students to progress faster than others.

When coaching a learner in the assosciative stage, what can you do to help the learner progress?

Inquiry Activity: 3 Stages of Skill Acquisition

Complete the table below from page 246 of textbook

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