Environmental Problems in Turkey

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Conservation of Biodiversity

Droughts:

Land Degradation:

Policies

Environmental critics believe that Turkey's economic policies have encouraged energy waste. Because the Turkish energy sector is mainly state-owned, critics charge that the government's pricing policy has encouraged the inefficient use of energy. Experts claim that about 22% of energy generated in Turkey is lost because of inefficient distribution and relay systems. In turn, they argue, this energy waste has necessitated the accelerated growth in energy demand and imports.

Energy Consumption

Turkish energy consumption has risen dramatically over the past 20 years. From just 1.0 quadrillion Btu (quads) in 1980, Turkey's domestic energy consumption has nearly tripled, reaching a level of 2.9 quads in 1998. Although this is still low relative to similar-sized countries such as Germany (13.8 quads), France (10.0 quads), and Poland (3.5 quads), Turkey's upward trend may mean it will surpass these countries in the future.

Policies ctd.

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Turkey passed regulations requiring ships carrying hazardous materials to report to the Turkish environmental protection ministry.

Limited power due to1936 Treaty of Montreux that declares the Straits as an international waterway.

Subsequent international agreements have given Turkey the right to regulate the right of passage through the Straits to ensure a steady and safe flow of traffic.

Water Pollution

Policies

Environmental Issues

in Turkey

In case of water pollution Turkey is facing with pollution caused from increased shipping traffic through the narrow Bosphorus Straits. As the number of ships through the Straits grows, the risk of accidents increases, and traffic will likely increase as the six countries surrounding the Black Sea develop economically.

• oil spills that have affected the shores of the Anatolian peninsula
• release of contaminated water as the ships ballast their holds
• endanger the health of the 15 million residents of Istanbul that live on either side of the Straits.
• decline in fishing levels

on both Marmara and Black Sea

Turkey passed regulations requiring ships carrying hazardous materials to report to the Turkish environmental protection ministry.

• Limited power due to1936 Treaty of Montreux that declares the Straits as an international waterway.

Cleanup costs are estimated as high as $15 billion

• 1996 Black Sea Strategic Action Plan
• envisions the establishment of Black Sea Environmental Fund

To reduce the strain on the marine environment caused by ship traffic, Turkey has backed alternative ways to transport oil and gas from Central Asia.

• Caspian oil pipeline route from Baku to the Turkish Mediterranean port of Ceyhan

Evreka

Developed sensors on garbage bins

• Measuring the fill rates
• Using m2m technology
• Reached and evaluated on both desktop and mobile devices 24/7

“These rates are processed in forecasting algorithm to decide which bins need to be visited.”

Why it is important?

• Cost reduction improvement
• Decreasing in emission of harmful gasses

(specific time intervals)

Environment Taxes in Turkey

For having a better environment

• Taxes
• Law Fines
• 13 Types of Taxes

Two Different Environmental Taxes

• For the improvement of the environment which is contaminated by the people
• For the general environmental pollutions

Ranging between 19 TRY 2.87 TRY

Policies

• Recognizing these issues, the Turkish federal government and municipalities have taken several measures to reduce pollution from energy sources.

In order to meet EU environmental standards;

• Turkey should make the flue gases desulfurized (FGD)
• Renovating FGD onto older units.

Air Pollution

• Smog in many Turkish cities, especially Istanbul
• Rising energy consumption
• Increase in car ownership have increased air pollution

As Turkey continues to develop its economy, the problem likely will be increased unless preventive actions are undertaken.

Pollution

Pollution is a major problem in Turkey. Water treatment plants and waste treatment facilities are dumping detergents and chemicals into the water, causing the country to suffer. Air pollution is also a major problem because more than a thousand cars and vehicles drive through Turkeys largest cities inputting smog, smoke, and harmful gases into the air.

By: Irem Ondes,Merve Alan

and Hande Sanver

Problems affecting Turkey

Issues in Turkey

• Air Pollution
• Water Pollution
• Energy Consumption