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Transcript

Eosinophils

  • The normal concentration is about 2%
  • The are weak phagocytes
  • Produced in large #s into tissues diseased by parasites & allergy.

Neutrophils & Macrophages

  • WBC enter the tissue space by diapedesis.
  • WBC move through tissue space by ameboid motion.
  • WBC are attracted to inflamed tissue areas by chemotaxis.

Killing the parasite

Eosinophils attach themselves to the parasite :

  • releasing hydrolytic enzymes
  • release highly reactive forms of O2 that are lethal to parasites
  • release polypeptide called the major basic protein.

Phagocytosis

Cellular ingestion of the offending agent. Phagocytes MUST be SELECTIVE of what material will be phagocytized

Natural tissues structure that resist phagocytosis

  • Smooth surface
  • Protective protein coat

Phagocytosis by Neutrophils

1- Attaches to the particle

2- Projects pseudopodia in all directions around the particle

3-The pseudopodia meet one another on the opposite side and fuse < this creates a closed chamber around that contain the particle

4- Chamber invaginates to the inside of the CP cavity to form a free-floading phagocytic vesicle

Antibodies & Phagocytosis

A single neutrophil can phagocytize 3 to 20 bacteria

The immune system develops antibodies against infectious agents. The antibody adhere to bacterial membrane and make it susceptible to phagocytosis.

Phagocytosis by Macrophages

More powerful than neutrophils,

  • Capable of phagocytizing 100 bacteria
  • Engulf larger particles (eg; malaria parasite) neutrophils not bigger than bacteria
  • After digesting particles macrophages can survive and function for many more months.

White Blood Cells

Basophils

  • Phagocytosis
  • Antibodies
  • Sensitized lymphocytes

1- Similar to the tissue mast cells outside many of the capillaries.

2- Both liberate heparin into the blood; prevent blood cloagulation.

3- They release histamine, bradykinin & serotonin.

Basophils & Allergy

1- The immunoglobin IgE attaches to basophils and mast cells.

2- The specific antigen will bind to the IgE.

3- It causes the basophil or mast cell to rapture and release ; histamine, bradykinin, serotonin & lysosomal enzymes.

5- Local vascular and tissue reactions that causes allergic manifestations

Types of WBC

Life Span of WBC

Concetrations

Granulocyte

After being released from the bone marrow 4-8 hrs in blood

In tissues 4-5 days where they are needed

In a serious infection, the life span is shortened to only few hours

  • preform the function
  • destroyed

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils 62.0%

Polymorphonuclear eosinophils 2.3%

Polymorphonuclear basophils 0.4%

Monocytes 5.3%

Lymphocytes 30.0%

Monocytes

In blood 10-20 hours

In tissues they swell to become macrophages and they can live for months

The adult human has about 7000 WBC/microliter vs 5m RBC/microliter.

Lymphocytes

Blood

From lymph nodes/tissues

Genesis Of WBC

White Blood Cells

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